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1、中国历史相关的词汇：旧石器时代 the Paleolithic Age 新石器时代 the Neolithic Age; New Stone Age 母系氏族社会 matriarchal clan society奴隶社会-slave society封建社会-feudal society半封建半殖民社会- Semi-feudal half colonial society资本主义社会-capitalist society初期社会主义社会- initial socialist society共产主义社会-communist society五代时代 period of the Five Legend
2、ary Rulers夏朝 Xa Dynasty 三国 Three Kingdoms南北朝 Northern and Southern Dynasties五代 Five Dynasties中华民国 Republic of China中华人民共和国 the peoples Republic of China封建王朝：feudal dynasty皇帝：emperor 皇后：empress 太后：empress dowager; dowager 慈禧太后 Empress Dowager Ci Xi末代皇帝：Pu Yi, the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty 皇妃：i
3、mperial concubine 皇太子：prince 公主：princess士大夫 scholar-officials太监 court eunuch 诸侯 vassal皇妃 imperial concubine 丞相，宰相 prime minister少数民族 ethnic minority 祭祀 offer sacrifices 西域 the Western Regions 战国 the Warring States重要的历史人物皇帝 Yellow emperor(4000 B.C)大禹 Yu the Great孔子 Confucius老子 Lao Zi封闭和民族主义兴起的时代 a ti
4、me of exclusivity and deep nationalism贡品 a tributary treasure京剧 Beijing Opera红茶 black tea五禽戏 five-animal exercises 义和团 Boxer rebellion书法 calligraphy中央集权 centralized control陶瓷 ceramics文官 civil official孔子的经书 confusion canon毛泽东 Mao Tse-tong 孙中山 Sun Yat-sen 蒋介石 Chiang Kai-shek 国民党 Kuomingtang 慈禧太后 Empre
5、ss Dowager四人帮 “Gang of Four”杜甫草堂 Du Fu Cottage都江堰水利工程 Dujiangyan Irrigation System派系斗争 factionalism天人合一 “harmony between man and nature”鼎盛时期 heyday在远古时代 in the shadows of unrecorded time鸦片战争：The Opium War 太平天国：the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom 英法联军：the Anglo-French Allied Forces 八国联军：the Allied Forces of
6、 the Eight Powers 垂帘听政：to hold court in place of the young emperor from behind a screen 辛亥革命：the 1911 Revolution 西安事变：the 1936 Xian Incident 中华文明 Chinese civilization 文明的摇篮 cradle of civilization中国古代史Period before the Opium War of 1840中国历史的开篇先秦The Dawn of Chinese HistoryThe Pre-Qin Period概述 Introduc
7、tion开天辟地的创世神话 The Great Myth of the Creation of Man in Ancient China华夏之祖 Ancestors of the Chinese Nation大禹治水 Yu the Great Harnesses the Flood武王伐纣 King Wu Attacks King Zhou周公东征 Duke Zhous Conquest of the East春秋五霸 The Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period战国七雄 The Seven Powers of the Warring St
8、ates Period大教育家孔子 Confucius,the Great Educator诸子百家 The Hundred Schools of Thought and Their Exponents世界第一部兵书孙子兵法 The Art of WarThe World First Treatise on Military Science封建大一统时期秦、汉The Period of Great Feudal UnityThe Qin and Han Dynasties中国的第一位皇帝秦始皇 Qinshihuang,the First Emperor in Chinese History万里
9、长城 The Great Wall大泽乡起义 The Dazexiang Uprising刘邦与项羽 Liu Bang and Xiang Yu汉武大帝 Emperor Wudi the Great of the Han Dynasty张骞出使西域 Zhang Qians Mission to the Western Regions昭君出塞 Zhaojun Goes Beyond the Great Wall as a Bride司马迁与史记 Sima Qian and His Records of the historian科学家张衡 Zhang Heng,a Pioneering Scie
10、ntist“医圣”张仲景与“外科鼻祖”华佗Zhang Zhongjing,the Saint of Medicine and Hua Tuo,the Founder of Surgery封建国家的分裂和民族大融合时期三国、两晋、南北朝The Division of China Once More and the Intermingling of Ethnic GroupsThe Three Kingdoms,the Two Jin Dynasties and the Southern and Northern Dynasties曹橾 Cao Cao诸葛亮 Zhuge Liang赤壁之战 The
11、 Battle of the Red Cliff西晋八王之乱 Eight Kings Insurrection in the Western Jin Dynasty淝水之战 The Battle of Feishui孝文帝改革 The Reforms of Emperor Xiaowen花木兰代父从军 Hua Mulan Joined the Army in Place of Her Father“书圣”王義之与“画绝”顾恺之Wang Xizhi,the Saint of Calligraphy,and Gu Kaizhi,the Matchless Painter数学家祖冲之 Zu Chon
12、gzhi,the Remarkable Mathematician封建社会的繁荣时期隋、唐The Heyday of Feudal SocietyThe Sui and Tang Dynasties隋朝大运河 The Grand Canal of the Sui Dynasty贞观之治 The Benign Administration of the Zhenguan Reign Period女皇帝武则天 Wu Zetian,Chinas First Female Monarch开元盛世 The Flourishing Kaiyuan Reign Period繁盛的长安城 The Heyday
13、 of Changan松赞干布与文成公主 Songtsen Gampo and Princess Wencheng玄奘西游 Xuanzangs Journey to the West鉴真东渡 Jianzhen Crosses the Ocean toJapan三大石窟 The Three Famous Grottoes科举制 The Imperial Civil Examination System封建社会的继续发展和民族政权并立时期五代、辽、宋、夏、金、元The Continued Development of Feudal Society and the Coexistence of Et
14、hnic RegimesThe Five Dynasties,and the Liao,Song,Xia,Jin and Yuan Dynasties杯酒释兵权 Relieving the Generals of Their Commands at a Feast赤胆忠心的杨家将 The Loyal Generals of the Yang Family秉公执法的“ 包青天” Bao the Upright Judge忠心报国的岳飞 General Yue Fei,a Paragon of Loyalty历史名臣文天祥 Wen Tianxiang,a Renowned Minister成吉思汗
15、与忽必烈 Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan马可波罗来华 Marco Poles Travels in China四大发明 The Four Great Inventions清明上河图 Riverside scene on the Pure Brightness Festival司马光与资治通鉴Sima Guang and the Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Government统一的多民族国家进一步发展和封建社会由盛而衰时期明、清(鸦片战争以前)The Period of Further Development of the Unit
16、ary Multi-ethnic Country and the Decline of Feudal SocietyThe Ming and Qing Dynasties (Before the Opium War of 1840)明朝开国皇帝朱元璋 Zhu Yuanzhang,the First Emperor of the Ming Dynasty郑和下西洋 Zheng Hes Voyages to the Western Seas戚继光抗倭 Qi Jiguang Repels Japanese Pirates清官海瑞 Hai Rui,an Upright and Incorruptible Official闯王李自成 Daring King Li Zicheng郑成功收复台湾 Zheng Chenggong Recovers Taiwan
