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1、2010 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 12011 年英语考研必备2010 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)In 1924 Americas National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a ser
2、ies of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting workers productivity. Instead, the studies ended giving 大 1家 大 2家their name to the Hawthorne effect, the extremely influential idea that the ver
3、y to being 大 3家experimented upon changed subjects behavior.The idea arose because of the behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. According to 大 4家of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was 大 5家dimmed. It did not what was done in the experimen
4、t; something was changed, productivity 大 6家 大 7家rose. A(n) that they were being experimented upon seemed to be to alter workers behavior 大 8家 大 9家itself.大 10家After several decades, the same data were to econometric the analysis. Hawthorne 大 11家experiments has another surprise store the descriptions
5、on record, no systematic was 大 12家 大 13家found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to interpretation 大 14家of what happed. , lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on 大 15
6、家Monday, output rose compared with the previous Saturday and to rise for the next couple 大 16家 大 17家of days. , a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that 大 18家output always went up on Monday, workers to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any 大 19家ca
7、se, before a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged Hawthorne effect 大 20家is hard to pin down.1. A affected B achieved C extracted D restored2. A at B up C with D off3. A truth B sight C act D proof4. A controversial B perplexing C mischievous D ambiguous5. A requirementsB e
8、xplanationC accounts D assessments6. A conclude B matter C indicate D work7. A as far as B for fear that C in case that D so long as8. A awareness B expectation C sentiment D illusion9. A suitable B excessive C enough D abundant10. A about B for C on D by11. A compared B shown C subjected D conveyed
9、12. A contrary to B consistent withC parallel with D peculiar to2 大家版词典级 31 年考研英语真题及答案13. A evidence B guidance C implication D source14. A disputable B enlightening C reliable D misleading15. A In contrast B For example C In consequence D As usual16. A duly B accidentally C unpredictably D suddenly
10、17. A failed B ceased C started D continued20. A breaking B climbing C surpassing D hittingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Text 1Of all the
11、changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage. It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty
12、 to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact tha
13、t their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylis
14、h arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore t
15、heir learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in j
16、ournalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define journalism as a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are.”Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now
