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1、简洁1. because of +物主代词+动作性名词不如 because+名词+动词简洁,即 because of 只用于非常简洁的结构,t48 。2. 虚拟语气中的 should 一定要省略3. 句子中不得有重复的成分,如 soaring 与 rise/ increase/ grow/ raise 等 (t13), amount to a sum 其中 a sum 就多余 t101,annual 与 a year 重复 t110, attempt , attempt 与 try (t6), never regain again 重复错误.t246, whether or not 应为 wh
2、ether4. n + that is + adj. 为 wordy 的表达,正确的是:过去分词/ adj.+ 名词,t34,t151. 如dioxins that are currently uncontrolled 应为 currently uncontrolled dioxins 5. not any 应改为 no,t59; at one time - once t188, the thing that -what (t30)6.主语加两个动作,如果两动作有同一主语,则两个动作并列,不能在第二个动作前重复主语 t65,t22e,t135ac。7. 不要用双重所有格,t202 (sth o
3、f sbs 错), t2 (the size of colorados 错)没有歧义1. a+修饰短语(如现在分词短语)+b,如果修饰短语既可以修饰 a 又可以修饰 b,则有歧义,错.t245,t179,262e2. a and b + 定语从句,要明白定语从句到底修饰哪个,可以考虑使用 a +定语从句 and b 的形式来解决.t27,t85;在 a 与 b 都是单数以及定语从句修饰 a 和 b 的话,则可以使用复数谓语的定语从句。t128e3. increase twice 有歧义 t72 (两倍/两次)4. a of b and c ,有歧义,解决办法是 c and a of b,t12
4、8.5. 注意从句主语和谓语省略的用法, 如果该从句位于句首则省略的主语即为主句主语, 如果在句中则省略的主语是该从句之前最近的名词,e1;答案中应尽量指明主语与谓语,t69ab,t255a.6. more + adj. +名词,会有歧义,因为不知 more 修饰谁:adj 还是名词?如 more gasoline-efficient cars,可以考虑使用如此结构 : cars more gasoline-efficient. t1127. 在描述 a 拥有 b 的时候,如果 ab 都使用单数,则有歧义:每个 a 拥有复数 b 还是复数a 拥有复数 b,解决办法是把 a 换成单数,t252单
5、复数的一致1. 复合主语,谓语用复数 t249. bluegrass musician bill monroe, whose repertory, views on musical collaboration, and vocal style were influential on generations of bluegrass artists. was also an inspiration to many musicians, that included elvis presley and jerry garcia. whose music differed significantly
6、from his own.(a) were influential on generations of bluegrass artists, was also an inspiration to many musicians, that included elvis presley and jerry garcia, whose music differed significantly from(b) influenced generations of bluegrass artists, also inspired many musicians, including elvis presle
7、y and jerry garcia, whose music differed significantly from(c) was influential to generations of bluegrass artists, was also inspirational to many musicians, that included elvis presley and jerry garcia, whose music was different significantly in comparison to(d) was influential to generations of bl
8、uegrass artists, also inspired many musicians, who included elvis presley and jerry garcia, the music of whom differed significantly when compared to(e) were an influence on generations of bluegrass artists, was also an inspiration to many musicians, including elvis presley and jerry garcia, whose m
9、usic was significantly different from that of3. a and b + 复数动词,即无论 a,b 是 cn 还是 un. t1074. there be 句型中,单复数应有后面的句子主语来决定.6. 在以下结构中注意数的一致, 名词 a+ be 动词/act as/+ 另一名词 b, 应该保证 a 与 b在单复数上一致. 如 t1, t3. men and women when a child (有 a child 与 men and women 不一致); some bat caves have residents that take on dif
10、ferent duties such as defending, acting as sentinels(这里 residents 与 sentinels 一致)7. 考虑主谓一致的时候,不仅要注意主语的单复数,同时也要注意指代主语的代词的单复数,以此来排除一些选项,t265d平行结构1. 在以下平行结构中, “adj+名词 1 and/or +名词 2”以及 “动词 1 and/or 动词 2+名词”,应分别考虑能否搭配的问题 t1072. 注意大平行中有小平行,而且平行结构最后一个 item 之前要有 and 连接 t233 4.平行结构应尽量保持对称:形式对称(t25, t30,t93,
11、 t106,t155, t225);主动与被动表达上(t16, t133);语法上(t33)对称,如 to do is to do.;单复数对称,t16,t109,如 unlike a typical automobile loan, a lease loan;时态上对称,t16, t28, t46, t113;比较级别上对称t207;意义上对称,如动作性名词对称结构,t99;且各部分语法对称 t99。如果不能完全对称,亦可部分对称,比如 in part 就与 partly 不对称. t204,t190,t2015. 需要用平行结构的短语:rather than (t55, t40),inst
12、ead of.,as ,or .(t138, t148),not x but (rather) y (t22, t172),more x than y, the same to x as to y (t54), as well as, besides (t241), unlike (t244a)6. 注意从划线部分推断未划线部分的结构/意义/ 形式, 如代词指代(t163, t181) ,平行结构(t188) ,划线部分的主语(t167 )t8,t96, t138, t219, t169。7. 首先注意是不是平行结构,或者划线部分与非划线部分能否构成平行结构,谁和谁平行对称.t10410. 在
13、 a and b + c 的结构中,如果 a 与 b 平行,则应分别考察 a 与 b 是否能够正确的与c 搭配,即考察平行结构的各部分是否前后搭配得当。反例:t224-e,t246。多个动词或者动词短语左右平行结构具有相同的宾语的时候, 应注意各个动词或者动词短语能否语并与搭配得当, 特别要注意是否少了介词否 . t53比较1. more + rather than/ instead of/ compare with/ comparison with 错,有比较(如more, better 之类) 就有 than,t116, t118, t254; 有 than 就有比较 t1062. 注意比
14、较的对象要具有可比性 t268, t644. 主句从句对比时,尽量保持平行 t1885.(1)“ 名词 1+不及物动词+介词+名词 2”的结构,如果有对比,如 higher than/ in the same way as /instead of+ x,其中 x 部分通常有两种形式:“名词 3+助动词”以表示名词 3 与名词 1 对称; 或“介词+名词 4”以表示名词 4 与名词 2 对称.【此处名词换成代词同样适用】t12(2) 对于“名词 1(或代词 1)+动词+名词 2(或代词 2)”的结构,如果有对比,则对比部分的形式为“名词 3(或代词 3)+助动词” 【关键是此结构已毫无歧义的表明
15、名词 3(或代词 3)在与名词 1(或代词 1)对比,而不是与名词 2(或代词 2)对比】如 t19, t40, t224, t254(3) 对于 “名词 1(或代词 1)+动词+非名词(或代词) 做宾语的其他成分”的结构,如果有对比,则对比部分的形式为“名词 2(或代词 2)”【关键是此结构已毫无歧义的表明名词 2(或代词 2)在与名词 1(或代词 1)对比】如 t149formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity do not apply to them (指 new small business) in the same w
16、ay as to established big business6. than usual; than ever before(t98)为习惯表达,如 the weather is wetter than usual. 7. asas,如果是过去的事情与现在的事情比较, 要注意时态的问题,t265, t608. x times more than(t199 ) 以及 x times asas(t187)表达都是可以的代词指代1.在同一句子中,同一代词指代相同的对象.t12,t1592. 代词要有明确的指代对象 t35,t42 ,t43,t83, t209a, t247;there,where,those ,these,they,its,出现时,也要有明确的指代对象(t35a, t29),并且该对象不能出现在定语成分中 t38,t60ab, t80cde,t181, t237, t83e, t90abe3. 名词 1动词名词 2代词。往往有歧义,不知道代词指代谁,从语法上来说首先指代名词 2,