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1、上 海 海 事 大 学2015-2016学年第一学期语言与文化课程 结课论文论文题目： A Comparative Study of Chinese and English Phatic Communion from a Cross-Cultural Perspective从文化差异角度对比英汉寒暄语交谈院系：外国语学院专业：外国语言学及应用语言学学号：201530810059姓名：洪娇娇2016年 1月1A Comparative Study of Chinese and English Phatic Communion from A Cross-Cultural Perspective摘要
2、：寒暄交谈，这种短小，看起来毫无意义的表达，是一种表示应酬的辅助性语言，往往在谈话中起到非常重要的作用，具有缩短交际者之间的距离和维系和谐社会关系的社会功能。同时，寒暄交谈也是社会生活与文化的反映，汉英寒暄语在表达形式和话题内容上呈现出明显的不同，在深层次上受到中西文化的影响。本文试从中西价值观，思维方式和道德情操方面对比分析中西寒暄语的差异。寒暄交谈是人际交往的润滑剂，对中西寒暄语交际差异的了解，能够避免跨文化交际中的误解，减少交际障碍，促进有效沟通和交流。关键词： 寒暄语；文化差异；对比1. Introduction In linguistics, a phatic communion i
3、s one whose only function is to perform a social task, as opposed to conveying information (Bronisaw Malinowski, 1923, p. 146-152). The utterance of a phatic expression is a kind of speech act. In speech communication the term means small talk that is conversation for its own sake. It is used to cre
4、ate an atmosphere of shared feelings, goodwill, or to establish social contact and to express sociability rather than specific meaning. phatic communion in Chinese refers to “寒暄语”. The definition of “寒暄语” in Chinese dictionary Cihai is expressed as courtesy remarks for greeting and caring for others
5、, etc. it is a ubiquitous phenomenon in human communications. It is widely used in daily greetings, informal visits or gatherings and even in formal business negotiations. In order to be polite or for some other reasons, people may embark on a small talk before getting to the main points. It can hel
6、p shorten the distance between people and enhance the intimacy among them, and thus creates a relaxing atmosphere. Besides, Halliday (1985, p. 56) thinks there is “phatic function” in language which is used for setting up a certain atmosphere or maintaining social contacts. It strengthens its role i
7、n social communication and even in the whole human language. As phatic communion is a kind of speech act, its topic or content and the way to express may differ from language to language. And there are obvious differences of phatic communion between Chinese and English and the cultural difference be
8、hind it has great impact on the cross cultural communication concerning it.As we know, phatic communion is widely used in communication in the workplace and in the community. It has been attracting increasing attention these days. There are many studies of the origin of phatic communion or the funct
9、ion of phatic communion. Malinowski (1923), for instance, first introduces the concept of phatic communion into linguistics and points out “the communion of words is the first act to establish links of fellowship. After the first formula, there comes a flow of language, purposeless expressions of pr
10、eference or aversion, accounts of irrelevant happenings, comments on what is perfectly obvious. There can be no doubt that we have a new type of linguistic use phatic communion” (p. 10). And the phatic function serves to 2establish, prolong or discontinue communication or confirm whether the contact
11、 is still there (Jacobson, 1960, p. 113). Later, the study on phatic communion mainly centers on its functions. For example, Lyons (1968) thinks it serves to establish and maintain a feeling of social solidarity and well-being (p. 417). Chinese scholars are very late to start to analysis the field o
12、f phatic communion. Zhu Yongsheng (1989, p. 33-35) is the first man who introduces the research outputs of phatic communion into China and he probes into the applied rage of phatic communion. Bi Jiwan (1997) lists four basic forms of phatic communion (p.17-19). That is greeting, inquiring, commentin
13、g and retrospection. Chinese phatic communion has another form: instructing. He only compares the form of Chinese and English phatic communion but fails to analyze thoroughly the cultural elements behind it. Liu Changqing (2000, p. 23-26) makes a primal study on the communicative features of phatic
14、communion. Zhao Haiwei (2006, p. 20-24) studies phatic communion from a social functional perspective and finds out that there are three important social functions: Creating harmonious atmosphere, drawing peoples attention and enhance the social. Xie Jingjing (2008, p. 15-19) discusses the ways of u
15、sing phatic communion in accordance with its application rage and makes a conclusion that the usage of phatic communion had to obey some specific situations. Zhang Yaping (2014, p. 27-31) makes a comparison between Chinese and Japanese phatic communion and reveals the cultural impact, which is insig
16、htful. Furthermore, Ye Linlin (2013, p. 12-15) studies the translation of phatic communion. And she gives some advice on translation strategies under the guidance of functional equivalence theory. Although previous studies have suggested its importance for the development and maintenance of positive relationships and a sense of belonging, the cross cultural analysis on phatic communion is few. Language is closely related to culture. Culture is the base of language a
