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1、Pork Glossary 养猪术语表English swine term:英文养猪术语Chinese name:中文名Definition:定义Abortion 流产The premature expulsion of dead or nonviable fetuses.Afterbirth 胎衣PlacentaAll-in, All-out production 全进全出A production system whereby animals are moved into and out of facilities in distinct groups. Animal Welfare 动物福
2、利The ethical treatment of animals.AI, Artificial Insemination人工授精Impregnation by artificial means.Average Daily Gain (ADG) 平均日增重The average weight that a pig gains per day.Backfill 回填To move sows/gilts back in the flow to fill empty cratesBarrow 阉公猪A neutered male is a barrow and the adult male is a
3、 boar.Behavior 行为Actions done by pigs, which can be used to see normal or abnormal actions.Biosecurity 生物安全Prevention of spreading and getting diseases into the herdBoar 公猪A term for a male domestic swine suitable for breeding.Body Condition Score 体况评分Scoring of a sow/gilt based on her body conditio
4、n.Breed 配种To impregnate/mateBrooder 暖风机A supplemental heat source used in wean pig facilities, for the pigs benefit.Catheter 输精管A “straw” used to artificially inseminate a sow or gilt.Castrate 去势To surgically remove a male hogs testicles.Cervix 宫颈The lower narrow portion of the uterus, where it join
5、s the vagina.Colostrum 初乳Milk produced by the mammary glands in late pregnancy which contains antibodies to protect the newborn pig.Collect 采精To “harvest” semen from a boar.Conception Rate 受胎率The percentage of a breeding group that became pregnant.Cooling 冷却Cooling systems normally involve evaporati
6、ng water to lower the temperature of the pigs. Generally used only for the breeding-gestation herd. Cooling also takes place by air movement in hot weather.Cool Cells 冷却水帘See Cooling.Corn Belt 玉米带The area of the United States where corn is a principal cash crop, including Iowa, Indiana, most of Illi
7、nois, and parts of Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, South Dakota, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin.Crate 限位栏A steel “stall” where an individual animal is housed.Cull 淘猪An animal that is unfit to stay in the breeding herd and is sent to market.Denitrification 去硝化The biochemical reduction of nitrate or nitri
8、te to gaseous nitrogen, either as molecular nitrogen or as an oxide of nitrogen.Discharge 恶露The sows system clearing the uterus. Some discharges are normal and some are ridding infection, etc.Disinfect 消毒To sterilize and kill all bacteria, viruses and fungus.Dock Tail 剪尾To remove most of the pigs ta
9、il at processing to reduce welfare issues in later life.Dump 清空猪舍To empty a hog room or barn.Ear Notch 耳缺A “V” shape notched on a pigs ear as a form of identification.Ear Tag 耳标A tag placed in a pigs ear as a method of identification. Estimated Breed Value (EBV)估计育种值A prediction of a pigs genetic me
10、rit relative to other pigs in the same herd, based on certain data collected.Extender 稀释液A liquid diluent added to semen to preserve its fertilizing ability.Estrous 发情See HeatEuthanasia 安乐死Painless killing to relieve suffering.Estimated Progeny Difference (EPD)后裔差异评估An evaluation of an animals genet
11、ic worth as a parent.Fallback 落后猪A pig that becomes physically challenged and falls behind its pen mates.Fallout 妊娠失败A pregnant female that falls out of its breeding group by no longer being pregnant or dying.Farrowing 分娩The period from birth to weaning.Farrowing crate 分娩栏A metal enclosure that a so
12、w is put into before farrowing and stays for 3-4 weeks.Farrowing Rate 分娩率Percent/females that farrow in a group.Farrow to Finish Operation自繁自育场A production system that contains all production phases, from breeding to gestation to farrowing to nursery to grow-finishing to market.Feed Back 返饲A composi
13、tion gathered from farrowing house and fed to pregnant sows before farrowing to help maximize piglet health and minimize piglet death loss.Feed Conversion 饲料转化率How many pounds of feed a pig must consume to gain one pound of body weight.Feeder 料槽A piece of equipment that stores and dispenses feed.Fee
14、d Mat 饲料垫板A mat with a lip around the edge to keep feed from being wasted while pigs are being started in a nursery or wean to finish facility.Feeder Pig Operation 育肥场Breeder sells pigs out of the nursery phase to a finishing operation to grow them out to market weight.Feed Mixture 饲料配比Ingredients o
15、f a feed ration.Finisher 育肥舍A facility where pigs are grown and sent to market from.Finisher Pig 育肥猪Production phase between the nursery and market.Finishing Operation 育肥场A facility where pigs are grown and sent to market from.Finishing Unit 育肥单元A facility where pigs are grown for market Flushing 短期
16、优饲（促进排卵）Feeding a female full feed in an attempt to cause her ovaries to produce more reproductive eggs.Foster 寄养Taking a piglet from or adding a piglet to a sow.Full Feed (Ad Lib) 自由采食Unrestricted feed.Gestation 怀孕/妊娠The 113 to 116 day period when the sow is pregnant from breeding until farrowing.Gilt 后备母猪Young female, until first service/mating.Gilt Development Unit 后备母猪舍A facility for the growth and development of suitable replacement females for a swine herd.Grow-Finis
