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1、免疫名词解释历年题 1. Recirculation of lymphocytes(淋巴细胞再循环)It means the continuous movement of lymphocytes across the sites through out blood and lymphatic vessels, and it is critical for the initiation and effector phases of immune response. 2. hapten(半抗原) antigen which can combine with the corresponding Ab
2、 or sensitized T lymphocyte but can not evoke the immune response independently. 3. TD-Ag(thymus dependent Ag) Ag stimulates B cells to produce Ab with the help of T cells and macrophage. 4. TI-Ag(thymus independent Ag)Ag stimulates B cells to produce Ab without the help of T cells and macrophage. 5
3、. heterophile Ag(异嗜性抗原)common antigens shared by different species and play an important role in immunopathology and diagnosis. 6. HVR(hypervariable region)超变区 Most of sequence differences among antibodies are confined to three short stretches in the V regions of heavy and light chains are called HV
4、R 7. CDR(complementary determinant region)互补决定区 The sequences of the antibodies form an antigen binding surface that is complementary to the three dimensional structure of the bound antigen It is also called complementary determinant regions. 8. idiotype (独特型) Igs produced by each B cells clone poss
5、essing unique structure respectively in HVR or CDR, the unique structure is called idiotype of Ig. 9. monoclonal Ab (mAb 单克隆抗体) It is prepared by hybridoma technique. Immunized spleen cells (B cells) fuse with myeloma cells and form hybridoma with property of proliferating Ab 10. conformational dete
6、rminants 构象决定簇 They are composed of amino acid residues are not in a sequence but become special juxtaposed in folded protein. They are usually on the surface of antigen and be recognized by B cells and Ab. 11. ADCC（antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity）It is a process in which NK cells are
7、target to Ab coated cells, resulting in lyses Ab coated cells .FcR is expressed on NK cell membrane and mediate binding of IgG. 12. MAC membrane attack complex 攻膜复合体 A lytic complex of the terminal components of complement cascade, Including C5678and multicopies of C9,which forms in the membrane of
8、target cells MAC causes lethal ionic and osmotic changes in cells. 13. CK cytokine 细胞因子 A group of low molecular weight polypeptides or proteins which are secreted by activated immunocytes or some matrix cells and possess high activity and various functions. Their major functions are to mediate and
9、regulation immune response and inflammation reaction. 14. CAM or AM cell adhesion molecules 黏附分子 The cell surface molecules whose function is to promote adhesive interaction with other cells or the extra cellular matrix and play a crucial role in cell interaction, recognition, activation and migrati
10、on. 15. CD cluster of differentiation 分化簇 It is a group of cell surface molecules associated with the development and differentiation of immune cells. 16. MHC major histocompatibility complex 主要组织相容性复合体 It is a group of genes which encode for major histocompatibility antigens and relate to immune re
11、sponse. 17. HLA human leukocyte antigen 人类白细胞抗原 The major histocompatibility antigens for human bodies which associated with histocompatibility and immune response. 18. HLA complex The MHC of human, a cluster of genes which encode for HLA and related to histocompatibility and immune response. 19. MH
12、C restriction In interaction of T cell and APC or target cells, T cells not only recognize specific antigen but also recognize polymorphic residules of MHC molecules. 20. PAMP(pathogen associated molecular pattern) 病原相关分子模式 distinct structures or components that are common for many pathogens ，such a
13、s LPS, dsRNA of viruses etc. 21. PRR (pattern recognition receptor) The receptors that can recognize PAMP, located on the surface of macrophage, including mannose receptor, scavenger receptor , toll like receptor etc. 22. APC a group of cells which can uptake and process antigen and present antigen-
14、MHC-/ complex to T cells, playing an important role in immune response. 23. TCR complex a group of membrane molecules on T cells that can specifically bind to antigen and pass an activation signal into the cell, consisting of TCR（ ）， CD3 （ ）and-。 24. ITAM (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation mo
15、tif) 免疫受体酪氨酸活化基序 ITAMtransduced e activation signals from TCR, composing of tyrosine residues separated by around 18 aas. When TCR specially bind to antigen, the tyrosine become phosphorylated by the receptor associated tyrosine kinases to transduct actively signals. 25. immunotolerance 免疫耐受 a type
16、of specific unresponsiveness to a given antigen previously exposure of specific lymphocytes to that antigen but response naturally to other antigens. 26. clonal anergy 克隆无能 a state of functional inactivation without cell death of Tlymphocytes induced by recognition of antigen in the absence of co-stimulatory signal. 27. AICD(activation induced cell d
