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1、摘要近年来，随着我国经济社会的高速发展，城市化进程日益加快，城市人口高度密集，高层建筑鳞次栉比。现实生活中，从高层建筑物内向外抛掷物品而造成人身伤亡的法律纠纷案件时有发生。如果这类案件的加害人明确可查，我们可以按照一般侵权理论来确定责任，给予受害人司法救济。然而，很多时候加害人是无法确定的，受害人的权利救济也经常成为司法实践中的一个难题。在侵权责任法出台之前，我国法律和相关司法解释并没有将“抛掷物致害”作为一种独立的侵权行为类型来看待。实践中关于高空抛物致害责任的法律适用问题争议颇大，由于没有明确的法律规定，法院在处理此类纠纷时的看法和处理结果各不相同。为了给予受害人充分的救济，同时促使建筑物
2、的使用人积极履行对建筑物及其相关物品的保管、维护和注意义务， 侵权责任法第 87 条对于高空抛物致害责任进行了明文规定。该条文早在侵权责任法起草阶段就饱受争议，尽管最终得以保留，但学界仍然对其褒贬不一。本文共分为六个部分： 导言部分为我国高空抛物侵权案件的三个典型案例，这部分详细介绍了这三个案例的基本案情、判决结果，以及法官据以作出判决的理由。第一部分为高空抛物侵权责任的概述。在此部分，主要对高空抛物侵权责任的概念和特征进行了论述。首先对本文探讨的高空抛物侵权行为的概念进行了严格的界定，然后依据侵权责任法第 87 条总结出高空抛物侵权责任的概念，并在此基础上展开对高空抛物侵权责任法律特征的剖析
3、。第二部分为高空抛物侵权行为与相关侵权行为比较分析。在此部分，首先对构成要件理论进行介绍，并逐一分析侵权责任法第 87 条的构成要件，指出其仅具备损害事实一个要件，不符合侵权责任法所规定的构成要件要素。然后将高空抛物侵权行为分别与共同危险行为以及建筑物或者其他设施致人损害侵权行为进行了对比和区分，进而得出高空抛物侵权行为不同于上述任何一种特殊侵权行为的结论。第三部分论述了高空抛物侵权责任的责任承担的相关问题。该部分主要围绕着高空抛物侵权责任的责任性质、责任主体、责任承担方式展开。第四部分为对国外有关高空抛物侵权行为的立法、判例进行比较分析，并阐述了对我国立法的启示。在国外，古代、现代对高空抛物
4、致人损害侵权责任都有法律的规定。文章分别归纳了大陆法系（包括古罗马法） 、英美法系典型国家对高空抛物致人损害侵权责任的立法规定或者判例，指出了国外立法例值得借鉴之处。最后一部为分针对侵权责任法第 87 条的不足和缺陷，针对高空抛物侵权提出了完善立法的建议，并且提出了建立更全面和更完善的社会保障和救济制度。关键词：高空抛物；侵权行为；归责原则AbstractIn recent years, with the rapid development of our economy and the fast process of urbanization, the residents of the cit
5、y are becoming denser and denser; the layout of the city is just full of skyscrapers. As the result, the casualties and disputes caused by the unknown objects from the high buildings are constant and these cases are continuous in our daily life. In some circumstances, the infringers are clear and it
6、 is easy to identify the responsibilities according to the relevant principals. Unfortunately, most often, the infringers cannot be easily identified, and in that case, it would become a challenge to defend for the right of the victims in the judicial practice. Before the implementation of Tort Liab
7、ility Law, high-altitude parabolic cases hadnt been viewed as an independent infringement by our nations laws or related judicial interpretations, leading to considerable controversies on the issue of suitable laws in practice. Since no clear legal provisions exist, the courts view and treatment on
8、such disputes also differ a lot. To give victims adequate relief, and to facilitate the users of the building actively carrying out the duty of custody, maintenance and care of the buildings and their related items, the 87th clause of the Tort Liability Law expressly provides the responsibility for
9、high-altitude parabolic cases. However, the provision was highly controversial at as early as the drafting stage of the Tort Liability Law. Although it was ultimately preserved, the academics are still mixing it. Based on the above factors, we feel that its necessary to discuss it.There are six part
10、s in this paper:Introduction: this part introduces three typical cases of tortuous Liability Caused by Tossed object from High Buildings in china, concluding the facts of the cases, the decision as well as the grounds of decision.The first part is the overview of tort liability in such cases. In thi
11、s part, the author mainly analyses the concepts and characteristics of tort liability of things thrown off buildings. Firstly, the author defined the concept in this paper strictly；then he summed up the concept in accordance with article 87 of the tort liability law; finally, on that basis，he develo
12、ped the analysis of the characteristics of tort liability law.The second part is the comparative analysis of the infringement act of things thrown off buildings and some other related infringement act. Firstly, this part introduces the theory of elements of tort. And it analyses elements of tort of
13、the article 87 of , it only has the element of damages, not conforming to the elements of tort concluded by . Secondly, the author contrasted and distinguished among such cases, joint dangerous act, and people injury caused by building or any other facilities. And then the author came to the conclus
14、ion that it is different from any kind of above-mentioned special tort.In the third part, it discusses the problems about the responsibility assuming of the tort liability for throwing objects from high buildings. This part involves the character of responsibility, the subject of responsibility and
15、the mode of the responsibility assuming of tort liability for throwing objects from high buildings.The fourth part starts with the comparative analysis about foreign legislation of throwing objects from upstairs, and then expounds the enlightenment for China. There is law for regulating throwing obj
16、ects from upstairs ancient society and in modern society abroad. This thesis sets out the law or cases of throwing objects from upstairs in Civil Law(including Roman Law) and in Common Law. Their burden of proof and their economic analysis method is worth learning.In the final part of this essay, based on the discussed deficiencies in the above part, author offers some advice on perfecting the legislation, social security and remedy system.Key Words: Altitud
