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1、目 录中文摘要.1英文摘要.21.前言.31.1 引言.32.方案分析.42.1 主机的选择 .42.1.1 所设计船主要参数 .42.2 螺旋桨的选择 .53.轴系设计计算.63.1 轴的材料选择 .63.2 轴径的估算.63.2.1 按有关规范确定传动轴基本轴径.63.3 轴的强度校核 .73.3.1 轴系强度校核标准 .73.3.2 轴系强度的计算 .103.3.3 轴的柔度 .164 联轴器 .175 密封装置 .186 振动计算与测试 .196.1 轴系扭振许用应力计算及模糊性分析.196.2 模糊变量的确定.216.3 计算与结果分析.216.3.1 最优设防水平的确定.226.3
2、.2 中间轴扭振许用应力的计算.236.3.3 计算结果分析.247 结论.26参考文献.27致 谢.28摘 要船舶轴系主要由传动轴(推力轴、中间轴、螺旋桨轴等 )、传动设备 (联轴器、减速齿轮箱等) 、支承部件(推力轴承、中间轴承、尾管轴承等)、尾密封装置以及其它附件等组成。其主要任务是将主机的功率传递到螺旋桨，同时将螺旋桨产生的轴向推力传给船体，以推动船舶的运动。因此，螺旋桨能否持续正常运转，在很大程度上决定于轴系工作的可靠性。轴系的故障一般有两类：其一是轴的某部分发生裂缝或折断；其二是轴承发生过热后被烧坏。引起轴系故障的原因很复杂，主要归纳为两方面。首先是轴系本身在结构、强度、材料等方面
3、存在缺陷(内在的原因 )；其次是轴系在运转中受到异常外力作用 (外部原因)。轴系经常在内外因素的综合作用发生故障。尾轴管密封有各种不同的技术解决办法。在大多数船上用单工（制）结构，尾部轴封保护尾轴管不进海水。尾轴管内压取决于船舶吃水，尾轴管内充油，抬高油箱可以调节油压，使之高于外部水压。根据船舶轴系的实际受力情况，考虑一些模糊因素的影响后，讨论轴系扭转振动许用应力的计算方法。通过计算结果可看出，所用方法是可行的。采用模糊优化评判方法后，考虑了轴系设计、加工、使用过程中的一些客观模糊因素和人的经验的影响，这样可使计算结果更接近实际情况。关键词：船舶轴系; 螺旋桨轴 ; 支承; 密封Abstrac
4、tThe ships stalk mainly fasten from spread to move the stalk (push the dint stalk, in the center stalk, the propeller stalk.etc.) The and spread to move the equipments ( the Contact. stalk machine, decelerate an etc. of wheel gear) and pay to accept the parts( push the dint bearings, in the center b
5、earings, the tail tube bearings.etc.), tail to seal completely the device and other enclosures etc. to constitute. Its main mission is to deliver the power of the host to the propeller, pushing the stalk that the propeller produce to at the same time the dint passes the ship body, to push the sport
6、of the ships Therefore, the propeller can keep on the normal operation, deciding dependable sex that fastens the work in the stalk to a large extent. The breakdown of the stalk department has generally two type: One is the axial some part occurrence crack or break; Two is a bearings to take place th
7、e hot empress to is burn bad. Cause the reason that the stalk department break down very complex, mainly induce for the both side. Is a stalk to fasten oneself in the aspect existence (inside reason), such as structure, strength and material.etc. first;( inside of reason)It is the dint function( the
8、 exterior reason) to is a stalk the next in order outside be subjected to in the operation excrescent. The stalk fasten usually outside inside the comprehensive function of the factor takes place the breakdown.The tail stalk tube seals completely various different technique solution. Use the single
9、work (make) structure on the boat in the majority, A stalk of tail seals to protect the tail stalk tube not to enter the sea water. The tail stalk tube inside press to be decided by the ships to drink water, the tail stalk takes care of inside the oil of 充 , jack up the fuel tank and can regulate hy
10、draulic-pneumatic, make of high in exterior water pressure.Fasten according to the ships stalk of is physically consider by the dint circumstance, the influence of some misty factors after, discuss the stalk department to turn round to vibrate to use in response to the calculation method of the dint
11、. Pass the calculation result can see, is viable with the method. Adoption faintness after is excellent turn to adjudicate the method considered the stalk department design, process, use some objective and misty factors within processes and the persons empirical influences, can make compute thus the result even nears to the actual circumstance.Key words: The ships stalk department; Propeller stalk; Pay to accept;
