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1、 摘 要本设计的目的为设计一款单螺杆的塑料挤出机，塑料挤出机也属于塑料机械的种类之一。单螺杆有效长度一般分为三段，按螺杆直径大小、螺深、螺距确定三段有效长度，一般按各占三分之一划分。料口最后一道螺纹开始叫输送段,物料在此处要求不能塑化，且在此处要预热、受压挤实，此处物料实际是固体塞，可以理解为此处物料受全套图纸，加挤压后像是子一样是一固体，因此它的功能就是完成输送任务了。第二段叫压缩段，此时螺槽体积由大逐渐变小，并且温度要达到物料塑化程度，此处产生压缩由输送段三，在这里压缩到一，这叫螺杆的压缩比31，有的机器也有变化，完成塑化的物料进入到第三段。第三段是计量段，此处物料保持塑化温度，像计量泵那
2、样准确、定量输送熔体物料，以供给机头，此时温度不能低于塑化温度，一般略高点。以挤出机机头料流方向以及螺杆中心线的夹角为根据，可以将挤出机机头分成直角机头和斜角机头等。一是用 螺栓使机头的外壳固定于机身之上，模芯座在机头里面的模中，然后用螺帽将其固定于机头的进线端口，模芯座的内部还装有模芯，而且都有孔位于模芯和模芯座的中心，其作用为通过芯线。依据加压方式种类的不同可将挤出工艺可以分成连续挤出和间歇挤出两大类。以上为该设计的设计理论构想。在本设计中通过前期准备查阅资料，根据设计任务书要求，并且因加工材料的特殊性，初步该设计确定为单螺杆排气式挤出机，并开始准备工作，资料收集整理完成后，设计可行性得到
3、验证，于是开始相关的机件设计工作。设计工作开始后，通过对比新型挤出机，单螺杆挤出机和多螺杆挤出机的技术参数，发现单螺杆排气挤出机，更适用于塑料的加工，随后根据设计指标确定了螺杆的技术参数。进而根据螺杆的参数推算出机筒等相关配件的设计方案，初步完成整体设计方向。整体设计方向完成后，根据产品的技术指标，根据已选定的螺杆对螺槽深度、压缩比、螺纹断面等一系列配件进行设计和论证，并对螺杆设计的长径比、加料段、塑化段等设计进行验证。以上工作完成后，开始第一阶段的设计校核工作，经校核发现整体设计工作合理无误，并开始着手准备第二阶段的设计工作并进行校核与验算，经校核发现设计符合技术指标并符合设计指导书要求，设
4、计完成。总的来说本课题在完成设计说明书要求的前提下，完成了如下内容：（1） 对各种不同类型的挤出机总体结构进了深入的探究（2） 根据设计说明书的主要技术参数设计完成了挤出机的整体结构设计。（3） 运用 AutoCAD 绘制装配图 1 张，零件图 2 张。 （4） 本设计运用 AutoCAD 进行整体结构的设计，可以缩短产品的开发周期，提高产品质量降低成本。 关键词：塑料机械；塑化； 成型加工； 压缩；AbstractThe purpose of this design is to design a single-screw plastic extruder, plastic extrusion
5、 machines also belong to one type of plastic machinery. Single screw effective length is generally divided into three sections, according to the screw diameter, screw depth, the effective length of the pitch to determine the three sections, each one-third by the general division. After discharge por
6、t last thread started calling transportation section, the material here can not claim plastics, and here is preheated, the real squeeze pressure, the material here is actually a solid plug, can be understood as the material is squeezed here like a child, like a solid, so its function is to complete
7、the transportation task. The second stage compression section called, this time by a large spiral groove volume becomes smaller, and the temperature to achieve the degree of plastics materials, produced here by the transportation section of a three compression, where the compression to a, called the
8、 screw compression ratio - 3: 1, some machines have changed, complete the plastics material into the third. Third is the metering section, where plastics material to maintain the temperature, as accurate as metering pumps, quantitative material conveying melt to supply the nose, then the temperature
9、 not lower than the plasticizing temperature, generally slightly higher point. Extruder head at an angle and material flow direction according to the center line of the screw can be divided into a crosshead extruder head and angled nose and so on. First, make head bolts that hold the cover on top of
10、 the fuselage, the mandrel holder in the head inside the mold, followed by nuts fixed to the head of the line ports, internal mandrel seat is also equipped with core, and have holes in the center of the mold core and core holder, through its role as the core. Based on the way the different types of
11、pressure can be extrusion process can be divided into continuous extrusion and intermittent extrusion two categories. Above for the design theory conceived design.In this design, prepared by the early access to information, according to the design task book requirements, and because of the special n
12、ature of the work material, designed to determine the initial single-screw vented extruder, and started preparatory work, the data collected after the completion of the design feasibility has been verified, mechanical design work began dependent. After the design work began by comparing the technica
13、l parameters of the new extruder, a single screw extruder and a multi-screw extruder, single-screw vented extruder was found more suitable for plastics processing, the screw is then determined in accordance with design specifications technical parameters. And then extrapolated based on the parameter
14、s of screw barrel and other related accessories design, initially completed the overall design direction. After the completion of the overall design direction, depending on product specifications, according to the selected screw depth of the grooves, the compression ratio, the threaded section and a
15、 series of accessories for the design and feasibility studies, and the aspect ratio of screw design, feed zone, plastic of the segment, such as design verification. After completion of the above, check the beginning of the first phase of the design work, after checking found that the overall design
16、is correct and reasonable, and began preparing for the second phase of the design work and checking and checking, after checking found that the design meets the technical indicators guide book and meet the design requirements, the design is complete.Overall this topic at the completion of the design specification requirements of the premise, completed the following:(1) for various types of extruders overall structure into the depth inquiry(2) Based on the technical
