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1、 第 1 页摘 要随着我国电力工业的发展和用电量的猛增，低压断路器在配电和保护线中路起着日益重要的作用，并要求它具备很大的短路电流分断能力，实现选择性保护和供电安全，同时具有一定的智能化功能。采用传统的电磁式继电保护装置以及保护与测控分离的局限性越来越明显，并且在功能上已经越来越难以满足实际的需要。智能控制器作为智能型断路器的中枢部件，当前己成为断路器是否先进的主要标志之一。本设计利用微电子技术及单片机技术，采用微处理器，设计出小型的智能脱扣器，不仅能够实现脱扣功能，即实现预想的保护功能，还能对脱扣器的动作参数进行选择即可实现对多种不同场合的保护。此外，采用目前最常用的串行通信标准总线接 RS
2、-232C，实现了单片机与上位机通信功能，本文介绍了硬件的工作原理，并重点论述了软件程序的设计思想和编制方法。软件的编制采用模块化的编程方法，每一个模块相对独立，完成某一个特定的功能，便于维护和添加新功能。本文还对所设计的装置在软件上所采取的抗干扰措施进行了具体说明。关键词：断路器；微机保护；单片机；智能电器 第 2 页AbstractWith the development of the electric industry and the rapid increasing of the wastage of the power, the effect of the low-voltage c
3、ircuit breaker on the power supply and the circuit protection is more and more important .It was required that the circuit breaker has enough short circuit breaking capacity and some intelligent functions. The circuit breaker can achieve selective protection and the power supply safety. It is an obv
4、ious disadvantage that protection, measure and the control are separate. It is difficult to meet the actual requirements on their functions. Intelligent controller is a central unit used for intelligent circuit breaker, it becomes one of the main symbols which is used to judge the advancement of the
5、 circuit breaker.The task uses themicroelectronics technology and single-chip technology and utilizes microprocessor to developthe mini-intelligence releaser. It can not only fulfill the function of releasing, i.e. fulfill theprotecting function which is pre-designed, but also select the parameters
6、of motion, i.e. it canrealize protecting in the multi-situations. Furthermore, by using the normal serial interfaceRS-232C, we make the intelligence releaser realize communication with PC computer. By usingthe bus system, the target of remote controlling is realized. All of them strengthen the relea
7、sersfunctions and make it accord with requirements of distribution system.The basic principles of the design are accounted detailedly, theoperational principle of the hardwares are introduced chiefly and the design reasons and programmeans of the softwares are recommend in this thesis.Software is wr
8、ited in module, this can make being maintained and added some function easy than ever. The design of EMC(Electromagnetic Compile) of software has been discussed in detail, and some experimentation data has been listed.Key words：breaker；Microprocessor-Based Protection；microcontroller；Intelligent Appa
9、ratus目录 第 3 页摘 要 .1ABSTRACT.2第 1 章.绪论 .51.1 设计背景.51.2 断路器简介.61.3 低压框架式断路器及其监控单元简介.71.4 低压框架式断路器监控单元发展趋势.81.5 本设计完成的工作.91.6 本设计要达到的主要功能和技术指标.101.6.1 装置的功能设计要求.101.6.2 装置的主要技术指标.10第 2 章.装置硬件系统简介 .122.1 硬件设计准则 .122.2 硬件系统的整体结构设计 .122.3 硬件系统各部分电路简介.132.3.1 最小工作系统.132.3.2 设备温度检测电路 .142.3.3 串行口通信电路 .152.3
10、.4 模拟信号的采集与变换电路 .172.3.5 系统时钟电路 .182.3.6 A/D 转换电路.192.3.7 显示键盘电路 .202.3.8 电源电路 .202.3.9 并行输出打印电路（事件记录处理电路） .222.3.10 真有效值转换电路 .222.3.11 短路保护电路 .232.3.12 频率测量电路.23第 3 章.软件设计 .253.1 软件设计的基本步骤 .253.1.1 程序的总体设计.253.1.2 程序的编制.263.1.3 程序的检查和修改.263.2 结构分析与模块化设计方法简介.263.2.1 结构分析与模块化设计方法简介.263.2.2 各模块设计简介.27 第 4 页3.3 编写单片机程序所用语言.303.3.1 80C51 单片机 C 语言具有的优越性.303.3.2 本装置软件设计所用语言 .303.4 本软件系统设计的基本要求.313.5 本装置具体系统软件设计.
