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1、VISIA Complexion Analysis Frequently Asked Questions1. What are the definitions of the various skin features and how are the features detected? 1。各种特皮肤征的定义和如何检测？Surface Spots: Surface Spots are typically brown or red skin lesions including freckles, acne scars, hyper-pigmentation and vascular lesion
2、s. Spots are distinguishable by their distinct color and contrast from the background skin tone. They vary in size and shape, and are normally visible to the naked eye. Surface Spots are represented in VISIAs “white light” image. 表面斑点：斑点是棕色或红色的皮损，包括雀斑，痤疮疤痕，色素沉着及血管病变。由其独特的颜色可以识别出来，而且和皮肤底色有着明显的区别。斑点大小
3、不等，肉眼观察可以看到。表面斑点在 VISIA 的标准白光图像中显示。UV Spots: UV spots occur when melanin is accumulated just below the skin surface as a result of sun damage. UV spots may not be visible under normal lighting conditions. The selective absorption of the UV light by the epidermal melanin enhances its display and dete
4、ction by VISIA. 紫外线色斑：黑色素在表皮下的凝集就会紫外线色斑，是皮肤受太阳损伤的结果。紫外线色斑在普通光照条件下可能是不可见的。表皮黑色素选择性吸收紫外线，紫外线会增强其显现，被 VISIA 检测到。Brown spots: Brown Spots are lesions on and deeper within the skin such as hyper-pigmentation, freckles, lentigines, and melasma. Brown Spots occur from an excess of Melanin. Melanin is produ
5、ced by melanocytes in the bottom layer of the epidermis. Brown Spots produce an uneven appearance to the skin, and are detected in VISIA by RBX棕色斑点：棕色斑点反映皮表和深层如色素沉着、雀斑、雀斑样痣、黄褐斑等皮损。当黑色素无节制分泌（过量分泌）时会出现棕色斑点。黑色素是由皮肤基底层黑色素细胞产生。棕色斑点在皮肤上表现为不均匀的分布，被使用 RBX技术的 VISIA 检测到。Red Areas: Red Areas can represent a va
6、riety of conditions, such as acne, inflammation, Rosacea or spider veins. Blood vessels and hemoglobin contained in the papillary dermis, a sub-layer of skin, give these structures their red color, which is detected by the RBX Technology in VISIA. Acne spots and inflammation vary in size but are gen
7、erally round in shape. Rosacea is usually larger and diffuse compared to acne, and spider veins usually are short, thin and can be interconnected in a dense network.红色区域：红色区域代表一系列的状况，如痤疮，炎症，酒渣鼻或蜘蛛痣。血管和血红素存在于皮肤真皮乳头层中，赋予这些组织红颜色。血管和血红素被VISIA 的 RBX 技术检测到。痤疮斑点和炎症通常表现为圆形，但大小不同。与痤疮相比，酒渣鼻通常较大和扩散；蜘蛛痣则通常表现为短、
8、细小，相互连结成一个密集的网状物。Wrinkles: Wrinkles are furrows, folds or creases in the skin, which increase in occurrence as a result of sun exposure, and are associated with decreasing skin elasticity. This skin feature has the greatest variability from image to image as it is highly dependent upon the facial ex
9、pression of the client. Wrinkles are identified by their characteristic long, narrow shape. 皱纹：皱纹是皮肤上的犁沟、折叠或皱褶，日晒会引起其增多，并与皮肤弹性降低有关。这种皮肤特征在图像上会有很大的变化，因为它是高度依赖于顾客的面部表情。皱纹的判别是依据其长而窄的形状。Texture: Texture is primarily an analysis of skin smoothness. Texture measures skin color and smoothness by identifyin
10、g gradations in color from the surrounding skin tone, as well as peaks (shown in yellow) and valleys (shown in blue) on the skin surface that indicate variations in the surface texture. 纹理：纹理主要是分析皮肤的平滑度。纹理是衡量肤色均匀度和平滑度的指标。依据肤色的渐变以及皮肤表面的峰（显示为黄色）和谷（蓝色显示） ，从而作出判断。Pores: Pores are the circular surface op
11、enings of sweat gland ducts. Due to shadowing, pores appear darker than the surrounding skin tone and are identified by their darker color and circular shape. The VISIA system distinguishes pores from spots based on size; by definition, the area of a pore is much smaller than a spot. 毛孔：毛孔是汗腺导管在皮表的圆
12、形开口。由于阴影，毛孔的颜色看起来比周围的肤色深，根据它们较深的颜色和圆形的形状，而被识别。VISIA 系统依据面积的大小来区分开毛孔与斑点；更准确的说，一个毛孔的面积比一个斑点的面积要小得多。Porphyrins: Porphyrins are bacterial excretions that can become lodged in pores and lead to acne. Porphyrins fluoresce in UV light and exhibit circular white spot characteristics.卟啉：卟啉是细菌的代谢物，会堵塞毛孔导致痤疮。卟
13、啉在紫外线下会发出荧光，表现为白色圆点的特征。2. What factors influence the results of the image session? 2. 哪些因素会影响图像的分析结果？A number of factors contribute to the actual scores generated by the VISIA complexion analysis algorithms, including the condition of the skin (cleaned vs. fresh make-up, old make-up, time-of-day), h
14、ead registration（position） within the booth, facial expression (particularly for wrinkles), stray hair, glare areas resulting from oily skin, etc. Percentile scores were generated for subjects whose skin was cleaned just prior imaging session. Results may vary if make-up is NOT removed prior to a cl
15、ients VISIA session. See Canfield Imaging Systems application notes 3.5, Improving the Quality and Reproducibility of Captured Images. 很多因素会影响到 VISIA 对皮肤实际评分，包括皮肤的状态（已清洁与刚化妆、长时间的妆、化妆次数） ，头部在拍照小室的定位，面部表情（特别是测量皱纹） ，杂散头发，油性皮肤造成的眩光区，等等。百分位数都是已经清洁后采集的图像数据。如果在拍照前不进行卸妆，可能会影响分析结果。参考 Canfield 图像系统应用提示 3.5，提高
16、拍摄图像的质量和可重复性。3. What is the definition for each of the three types of skin conditions? How does VISIA use this information? 3. 如何定义三种皮肤状态？ VISIA 如何使用这些信息？Clean is defined as skin that has been recently cleansed and without make-up or skin conditioners applied, Fresh Make-up is defined as make-up recently applied (roughly within the past hour), Other covers all other cases. The skin condition selected does not alter the image capture or analysis proess. Skin Condition is
