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1、1旅游概论复习资料旅游业 Tourism industry： Tourism industry:the range of bussinesses and organisations involved in delivering the tourism product. 指由各类旅游企业和旅游部门构成、提供旅游产品的行业。旅游 tourism 从需求的角度：the activities of persons travelling to and staying in places oustside their usual environment for not more than one cons
2、ecutive year for leisure,business and other purposes.旅游是人们为了休闲、商务和其他目的，离开自己的常居环境、连续不超过一年的旅行和逗留活动。从供给的角度： the tourist industry consists of all those firms ,organisations and facilities which are intended to serve the specific needs and wants of tourists. 旅游业是为了满足旅游者需要和愿望的所有的企业、组织机构和设施构成的行业。休闲 leisure
3、：the time available to an individual when work ,sleep and other basic needs have been met .一个人工作、睡觉和其他需求后所拥有的时间 消遣 recreation：pursuit engaged upon during leisure time.在休闲时间寻求参与性的活动。旅游需求 definitions of tourism demand ： The total number of persons who travel ,or wish to travel ,to use toursit faciliti
4、es and services at places away from their places of work and residence.离开自己工作和居住的地方外出旅游或具有旅游的愿望，并使用旅游设施的人数总和。有效需求或现实需求（effective or actual demand ）: the actual number of participants in tourism who are travelling . 指参加旅游的实际人数或指那些正在旅游的现实旅游者。受抑制的需求 suppressed demand ： Is made up of that section of the
5、 populatin who do not travel for some reason。由人口中那些因各种原因不能参加旅游的部分构成。分两类：1.潜在需求 potential demand ：refers to those who will travel at some future date iif the expenrience a change in their circumstance .指那些如果某些条件发生变化，在未来时间将参加旅游的人们。2.延缓需求 deferred demand ：a demand postponed because of a problem in the
6、suppluy environment .指由于供给条件出问题而推迟的需求。3.无需求 no demand ：there will be those who simply do not wish to travel or are unable to travel ,constituting a category of no demand .总有一些人不愿意或不能参加旅游。替代需求 substitution of demand ：refers to the case when demand for one activity is substitutedby another 指一种旅游活动需求被另
7、一种旅游活动需求所替代。转移需求：旅游倾向 Travel propensity：indicators of effective demand in any particular population ,consides the penetration of tourism trips in a population 测定人口中有效需求的指标，直接考察旅游在人口中的渗透程度。净旅游倾向 Net travel propensity refers to the percentage of the population that takes at least one tourism trip in a
8、 given period of time.指在一定的时间内至少参加一次旅游的人数占人口总数的比例。总旅游倾向 Gross travel propensity gives the total number of tourism trips taken as a percentage of the population.：指参加旅游的总人数占人口总数的比例。需求量 Demand schedules refers to the quantities of a product that an individual wishes to purchase at different prices at a
9、 given point in time.只在一定的时间内，人们愿意以不同的价格购买产品的数量。旅游动机 travel motivators: explain why people want to travel and they are the inner urges that initiate travel demand .引发旅游需求的内驱力，并可以说明人们为什么需要旅游。形象 images :are sets of beliefs ,ideas and impressions relating to products and destinations.对产品和目的地的信任，看法和感受的集
10、合体。自我中心型 psychocentricwhich is derived from psyche or self-centred where an individual centres thoughts or concerns on the small problem areas of life .these individuals tend to be conservative in their travel patterns 2,preferring safe destinations and often taking many return trip.出自于心理中心或自我中心/。这种
11、人格类型的人重视生活中的琐事。他们倾向于保持原有的旅游方式，更喜欢去“安全的”旅游目的地并进行多次重复的旅游。多中心型 allocentric: theses individuals are adventurous and motivated to travel/discover new destination,they rarely return to the same place twice . 这种人格类型的人喜欢冒险，持有游览或发现新旅游目的地的动机。他们很少去一个地方旅游两次。有限解决问题模型 limited problem-solving models(LPS models)are
12、 applicable to repeat or mundane purchases with a low level of consumer involvement .适用于购买重复性和日常性的产品，消费者对购买的关注程度很低。深化解决问题模型：exstend problem-solving models(EPS models)apply to purchases associated with high levels of perceived risk and involvement ,and where the information search and evaluation of a
13、lternatives plays an important patr in the purchasing decision. 适用于高风险意识和高关注程度的购买决策，收集信息和评估备选方案在购买决策中起重要的作用。An introduction to tuorismA basic understanding of the real nature of tourism activity and a knowledge of the myths that surround tourism study 旅游的误解和现实误解 世界上绝大多数的旅游是国际旅游现实 国内旅游在世界上占主导地位,国内旅游占
14、旅游者总数的 80%误解 世界上绝大多数都是航空旅游,旅游者乘坐飞机从一国飞到另一国现实 世界上绝大多数旅游都使用地面交通工具(以小汽车为主)误解 旅游的目的仅仅是休闲度假现实 旅游是包括经商、会议和教育在内的各种目的的活动误解 在旅游行业就业实际上是一种旅行的方式和学习语言的机会现实 绝大多数旅游从业人员在接待业工作中很少有机会参与旅游An appreciation of the individual elements which, when combined, comprise the tourism system (P4); and an understanding of Leipers
15、 tourism system (p6) 了解旅游体系由哪些要素组成（详见翻译版 P5 的图表）和雷珀模型A knowledge of basic supply-side and demand-side definitions of tourism and the associated difficulties and issues (详见定义篇)How to define tourism? Why is tourism so difficult to define and what are the implications of these difficulties for the meas
16、urement of tourism?旅游是由一系列个人、企业、部门和地区以不同的方式组合在一起，为旅游者提供体验的活动。旅游具有多项性和多面性，它涉及到多种生活方式和各类经济活动，因此旅游难以定义毫不奇怪。Why divide up the tourism system into individual elements?旅游是一个相对年轻的研究领域，这给旅游的教学、科研和学科研究造成一系列的问题，如旅游学科本身被一些概念性的薄弱点和模糊点所困扰，在旅游业的专业术语，甚至旅游的定义或旅游业的构成上没有真正的统一认识。旅游业旅游业中包含了众多行业和部门，一个学科和一个经济部门的构成过于多项和复杂将不利于自身的学术研究。旅游研究在资料来源上也特别缺乏，表现在研究资料的质量不高和可比性较差两个方面。传统的旅游研究方法往往重视实际操作并将旅游简化在一些具体的活动和商业交易上。为了解决上述问题，建立一种旅游研究的框架结构是非常重要的。在着方面有许多的方法，而跨学科研究或多学科研究是可以选择的方法之一。
