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1、Systems biologyFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaSystems biology is the study of systems of biological components, which may be molecules, cells, organisms or entire species. Living systems are dynamic and complex, and their behavior may be hard to predict from the properties of individual parts.
2、 To study them, we use quantitative measurements of the behavior of groups of interacting components, systematic measurement technologies such as genomics, bioinformatics and proteomics, and mathematical and computational models to describe and predict dynamical behavior. Systems biology is a term o
3、ften used to describe a number of trends in bioscience research, and a movement which draws on those trends. Proponents （支持者，倡导者）describe systems biology as a biology-based inter-disciplinary study field that focuses on complex interactions in biological systems, claiming that it uses a new perspect
4、ive (holism整体论 instead of reduction). Particularly from year 2000 onwards, the term is used widely in the biosciences, and in a variety of contexts. An often stated ambition of systems biology is the modeling and discovery of emergent properties, properties of a system whose theoretical description
5、is only possible using techniques which fall under the remit（范围，职责） of systems biology. These typically involve metabolic networks or cell signaling networks1.系统生物学维基百科，自由的百科全书系统生物学是生物组分的系统，它可以是分子，细胞，器官或整个物种的研究。生活系统是动态的，复杂的，他们的行为可能很难从单个部件的性能进行预测。要研究他们，我们使用交互组件，系统的测量技术，如基因组学，生物信息学和蛋白质组学，以及数学和计算模型来描述和
6、预测动力学行为的群体行为的定量测量。系统生物学是通常用来描述一个号码在生物科学的研究趋势的一个术语，并且吸取这些趋势的运动。支持者（支持者，倡导者）描述了系统生物学作为侧重于生物系统的复杂交互基于生物学，跨学科的研究领域，并声称它采用了全新的视角（整体论整体论，而不是减少）。尤其自 2000 年起，该术语广泛生物科学中的使用，并且在各种情况下。系统生物学的一个经常提到的野心是造型和紧急性的发现，一个系统的理论描述使用落在系统生物学的职权范围（范围，职责）技术下才有可能的属性。这些通常涉及代谢网络或细胞信号网络1。OverviewSystems biology can be considered
7、 from a number of different aspects: As a field of study, particularly, the study of the interactions between the components of biological systems, and how these interactions give rise to the function and behavior of that system (for example, the enzymes and metabolites in a metabolic pathway).23 As
8、 a paradigm 范例, usually defined in antithesis ntss 对立面 to the so-called reductionist paradigm (biological organisation), although fully consistent with the scientific method. The distinction between the two paradigms is referred to in these quotations:The reductionist approach has successfully ident
9、ified most of the components and many of the interactions but, unfortunately, offers no convincing concepts or methods to understand how system properties emerge.the pluralism of causes and effects in biological networks is better addressed by observing, through quantitative measures, multiple compo
10、nents simultaneously and by rigorous data integration with mathematical models Sauer et al4Systems biology.is about putting together rather than taking apart, integration rather than reduction. It requires that we develop ways of thinking about integration that are as rigorous as our reductionist pr
11、ogrammes, but different.It means changing our philosophy, in the full sense of the term Denis Noble5概观系统生物学可以从许多不同的方面被认为是：作为一个研究领域，特别是，生物系统的组件，以及这些相互作用如何产生该系统的功能和行为（例如，在代谢途径中的酶和代谢物）之间的相互作用的研究。 2 3作为范例范例，通常是在对立面 ntss 对立面的所谓还原模式（生物组织）的定义，虽然用科学的方法完全一致。在两种模式之间的区别是指在这些语录：“该还原方法已经成功地识别大多数组件和许多相互作用的，但不幸的是，
12、没有提供令人信服的概念或方法来了解系统性能如何.出现的原因和影响生物网络的多元化是更好的观察处理，通过定量的措施，多个组件同时并用数学模型“严格的数据集成Sauer 等4“系统生物学.大约是放在一起，而不是拆开，整合而不是减少。这要求我们开发出的严谨是我们还原的程序，但不同的思考整合的方式.这意味着改变我们的理念在长期的完全意义上的“丹尼斯贵族5 As a series of operational protocols used for performing research, namely a cycle composed of theory, analytic or computation
13、al modelling to propose specific testable hypotheses about a biological system, experimental validation, and then using the newly acquired quantitative description of cells or cell processes to refine the computational model or theory.6 Since the objective is a model of the interactions in a system,
14、 the experimental techniques that most suit systems biology are those that are system-wide and attempt to be as complete as possible. Therefore, transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics and high-throughput techniques are used to collect quantitative data for the construction and validation of model
15、s. As the application of dynamical systems theory to molecular biology. Indeed, the focus on the dynamics of the studied systems is the main conceptual difference between systems biology and bioinformatics. As a socioscientific phenomenon defined by the strategy of pursuing integration of complex da
16、ta about the interactions in biological systems from diverse experimental sources using interdisciplinary tools and personnel.This variety of viewpoints is illustrative of the fact that systems biology refers to a cluster of peripherally overlapping concepts rather than a single well-delineated field. However the term has widespread currency and popularity as of 2007, with chairs 讲座 and institutes of systems biology prol
