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1、1高分写作 虚拟语气 （政府类词汇）sense of security/safety 安全感freedom of the press 新闻自由gambling promoter 赌博庄家gossip 八卦information highway 信息高速公路marijuana 大麻media exposure 媒体曝光率paparazzi 狗仔队press intrusion 媒体侵扰privacy 隐私red light district 红灯区unbiased 无偏见的unprejudiced 公平的一、最基本的虚拟语气句型虚拟时间 if 从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式现在 did/were w
2、ould(should,could,might) do过去 had done/had been would(should,could,might)have done/been将来 were to/should+do would(should,could,might) do1.虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设。 其 if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式（be 一般用 were）, 主句用 would/should/could/might +动词原型eg1. 如果赌博合法化， 会引诱人们陷入没有结果的一夜暴富的幻想中If gambling were legalised, it would temp
3、t people to fruitless fantasies of instant riches.2. 如果没有审查制度， 信息高速公路可能会变成电子“红灯区”If there were no information censorship, the information highway would be in danger of becoming an electronic “red light district”。2. 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设， if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时， 即 had+过去分词， 主句用 would/should/could/might+have+过
4、去分词。Eg. 1 如果发达国家过去没有捐赠不计其数的救援物资， 发展中国家成百上千的穷人就会死于饥饿或传染病。If developed countries had not donated countless relief materials, millions of poor people in developing countries would have died of hunger or infectious diseases. 2. 如果中国没有审查网络， 那么青少年就会接触到不雅的材料, 例如暴力与色情If China had not censored the internet,
5、minors could have been exposed to indecent materials such as violence and pornography.23. 虚拟将来时是表示对将来事实可能相反的假设。 if 从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to/should + 动词原形， 主句用 would/should/could/might + 动词原形eg1. 如果吸食毒品合法化， 警察大量的时间就将用于解决更严重的问题If drug use were to be legalised, considerable police time could be spent in
6、dealing with other more serious problems.2. 如果西方国家停止资助第三世界国家， 第三世界国家会寻求经济独立。If western countries should stop financing the Third World, it would struggle for its economic independence. 4. 省略 if 采用倒装语序的条件句有时可以吧含有助动词、情态动词、be 或 have 的虚拟条件句中的连词 if 省去， 而将had,should,were 等词提到主语之前， 即用倒装结构。*如果没有 had,should,
7、were 等词， 既不能省略 if, 也不能倒装。eg1. 如果没有关于名流的八卦新闻， 人们会不满意， 媒体也失去娱乐性。原句：If there should be no gossip about celebrities, people would not be satisfied and the media would be less entertainging.=Should there be no gossip about celebrities, people would not be satisfied and the media would be less entertaingi
8、ng. 2. 如果实施严厉的惩罚， 交通违章者人数会急剧下降。原句：If strict penalty were to be implemented, the number of traffic violators would drop significantly.=Were strict penalty to be implemented, the number of traffic violators would drop significantly.3. 如果狗仔队没有在巴黎追踪戴安娜王妃， 她就不会死于车祸。原句：If paparazzi had not trailed Princes
9、s Diana in Paris, she would not have been killed in the car accident. =Had paparazzi not trailed Princess Diana in Paris, she would not have been killed in the car accident. *5.有时虚拟条件句用介词短语 otherwis，or, without, but for（如果没有， 要不是）来引导（形式上的虚拟语气）eg1. 公众场合应该安装更多的监视装置(surveillance devices) ， 否则市民没有安全感。Mo
10、re surveillance devices should be fixed in public areas; otherwise citizens would not have a sense of security. 32. 如果（ but for/without）没有媒体， 演员们会因为没有足够的媒体曝光率而成不了超级巨星。But for/Without the press, actors and actresses might not have enough media exposure to become superstars. 二、名词性从句中的虚拟语气I. 在表示 要求(req
11、uest, require, , demand, insist)、命令(stipulate, urge, command, grant, order) 、想法(prefer, agree, decide, determine)、建议(propose, suggest, advise,indicate, vote) 等的动词后的从句里， 如果用 should+动词原形， should 可以省略 。如：eg1. 有人建议吧大麻合法化， 以便政府可以通过征税管理这种毒品。It is advised that marijuana (should)be legalised so that the gov
12、ernment might regulate the drug by imposing taxes. 2. 观众要求媒体每天提供没有偏见、公平的信息。The audience demand that the media (should) provide unbiased and unprejudiced information every day.3. 许多市民要求酒吧在凌晨一点钱关门。Many citizens require that the bars (should) be closed before 1 a.m.4. 赌博支持者坚持认为赌博应该被合法化，这样可以为周围商家创造收入， 同
13、时为当地居民提供就业机会。支持者(proponent/advocate/supporter/backer)Gambling proponents insist that gambling (should) be legalized to generate income for surrounding businesses and provide job opportunities for local residents. II. 在表示要求(request, requirement, , demand, insistence)、命令(stipulation, command, order) 、
14、想法(preference, agreement, decision, determination)、建议( proposal, suggestion, advice,indication) 等的名词后的从句里，如果用 should+动词原形， should 可以省略eg1. 赌博合法化的赞成者（拥护者）建议政府通过宣布赌博合法化来打击非法赌博。Legalisation advocates suggestion is that the government (should) fight illegal gambling by declaring gambing legal.2. 堕胎支持者认为
15、是否堕胎应该留给当事人决定。Abortion backers make the proposal that to abort or not (should)be left to the woman to decide. III. 在 It is/was + 形容词后的 that 从句中如果用 should 的结构， should 可以省略。 这类形容词常见的有：表示“建议的”advisable, preferable, recommended, desirable, eager4表示“紧急的”anxious, urgent, 表示“必须的”crucial, essential, vital,
16、necessary, obligatory,compulsory, imperative, 表示“可能的” “合适的”possible, impossible probable, , （improper, important, natural）eg1. 富国当然有义务帮助穷国It is natural that wealthier countries (should)have the obligation to assist their less wealthy counterparts. 2. 政府有必要采取“审查互联网”的方法防止未成年人接触到不良内容。It is essential that the government (should
