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1、用心 爱心 专心2013 高考英语复习学案：主谓一致之一 主谓一致（一）语法一致I 随前原则：1. 主语后面带有 as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, but, except, besides, with, along with, together with, like, including, combined with, in addition to, accompanied wit 等词连接的名词, 根据语法一致的原则, 谓语动词根据这些词前的主语来确定动词的形式。如：The professor together with a
2、number of students was doing experiments in chemistry in the lab at that time.2. 以下这些结构在句中作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于 of 前的名词: the amount of, (large) amounts of, the number of, a quantity of, quantities of, a mass of, masses of。用 a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of 等引起主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。如：A large amoun
3、t of money was spent on the great bridge.Large amounts of money were spent on the great bridge.A series of accidents has been reported. 媒体报道了一连串的事故。 A pile of lots was set beside the hearth. 炉边有一堆木柴。 II 随后原则： 1. 取决于 of 后的名词的：all of, half of, some of, the rest of, plenty of, a part of, enough of, non
4、e of, most of, a lot of, lots of, mass of, a world of, a flood of, a percentage of, two thirds of, per cent of, a large amount of, heaps of, a proportion of+名词等引起主语时，谓语动词通常与 of 后面的名词/代词保持一致。例如： Most of his money is spent on books. 他大部分的钱化在书上了。 Most of the students are taking an active part in sports
5、. 大部分学生积极参与体育运动。2. 如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的短语作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。例如： Many a person has read the novel.许多人读过这本书。 More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生来自这个城市。 III 其他的1、 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：His fa
6、ther is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. /What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. w注意 ：由 what 引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复用心 爱心 专心数或 what 从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。例如：Wh
7、at I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.2、 由连接词 and 或 both and 连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。例如：Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers.注意 ： 若 and 所连接
8、的两个词是指同一个人或物时（共用一个冠词） ，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。例如： The writer and artist has come.; / 由 and 连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有 no, each, every 修饰时，其谓语动词要用 单数形式。例如：Every student and every teacher was in the room. / No boy and no girl likes it.3、 either, neither, each, every 或 no +单数名词和由 some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。例如
9、：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.注意 ： 在口语中当 either 或 neither 后跟有“of+复数名词（或代词） ”作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。如：Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. 若 none of 后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。例如：None of us has (have) been to America.4、在定语从句中，关系代词 that(人/物), who(人
10、), which(物)等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。例如：He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.4、 如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有 family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience 等。例如：Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four
11、are unable to agree upon a monitor.注意 ：1）有生命的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词只用复数形式。常见此类名词有：people, police, cattle(牛), folk, youth, mankind, vermin(害虫 ), personnel(全体人员), clergy(神职人员), militia(民兵 ), gentry(绅士们)等名词一般都用作复数。例如：The police are looking for the lost child.2）无生命的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。常见此类名词有：scenery, weaponry, m
12、achinery, clothing, poetry, jewelry, millinery, underwear, glasswear 等。例如： Much of her jewelry was missing.6、单复数名词同型的名词作主语时，谓语形式要根据句义来确定。 常见此类名词有：aircraft, deer, fish, means, sheep, species, series, works, crossroads, antelope, salmon(鲑鱼), trout(鲟鱼)等。例如：Every means has been tried.The means of commun
13、ication between here and outside are interrupted. 这里同外界的通讯工具都中断了。7、trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, shorts( 短裤), woods, savings, compasses, belongings, thanks, jeans, surroundings, effects, goods, gloves, customs, shades,等常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有 pair 等量词修饰时，谓语动词单复数要根据 pair 等量词的单复数来决定。用
14、心 爱心 专心例如：My glasses are broken. / The pair of shoes under the bed is his.Several clusters of grapes are on the table.注：pains(辛苦)虽为复数形式，但不可用 many 修饰，要用 great, much, a great deal of 等修饰，谓语动词用单复数均可。例如：Much pains has(/have) been taken to keep the plan secret.就近原则 ：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。1. 当两个主语由
15、 or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, whetheror连用时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。例如：Either the teacher or the students are our friends. / Neither they nor he is wholly right. Is neither he nor they wholly right?2. there be 句型 be 动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由 and 连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。例如：There are two chairs and a des
16、k in the room.注意 ：Here 引导的句子用法同上。意义一致 ：1、what, who, which, any, more, all 等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。例如：Which is your bag? / Which are your bags? / All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing.2、表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式， 这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，例如：Thirty minutes is enough for the work. 3、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如： “The Arabian Nights”is an interesting story-book.4、表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式（也可用复
