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1、The Society & Culture of Major English-speaking Countries英语国家社会与文化The UK1. What are the four nations which make up of the UK? 这四个国家是什么构成的英国吗England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland2. The UK maintain links with its former colonial countries through a loose and voluntary organization called _.英国
2、保持联系前殖民国家通过宽松、自愿组织称British Commonwealth 英联邦3. But more important today to consider modern Britains role in its international relations is to emphasize its role as a member of _但更重要的是今天考虑现代英国年代作用的国际关系是强调其角色的成员European Union 欧洲联盟，欧盟4. What are the main religions in the UK? 什么是主要宗教在英国吗Anglicanism (英国国教
3、 ), Catholicism 天主教；天主教义, Christianism 耶稣教；基督教, and others (e.g. Islam). 5. British history has been a history of invasions. Can you list the invaders from the first to the last? 英国的历史上一直是侵略的历史。你能列举侵略者从第一行到最后一行吗Rome Empire Germanic peoples: the Anglo-Saxon Vikings from northern Europe Normans from n
4、orthern France 罗马帝国日耳曼人:盎格鲁-萨克逊维京人从北欧诺曼人从法国北部6. Who were the forefathers of the English? 他们的先辈的英语吗Anglo-Saxon 盎格鲁-撒克逊7. Who is King Arthur? Why do the contemporary English people think of King Arthur as their hero? 谁是亚瑟王呢?为什么当代英国人觉得亚瑟王的英雄吗A great leader in a English legend derives from the fifth cen
5、tury AD. It is said that he united the British and drove the Saxons back with his magical sword, Excalibur. 一个伟大的领袖,在英国传说中来自第五世纪广告。据说他在曼联的撒克逊人的英国,开车回到他的魔法剑,埃克斯卡利伯剑。8. Who recreated the famous “round table”, and what was the purpose to do it? 他再现了著名的圆桌,目的是什么做的吗King Arthur. He did it to let his knight
6、s to have equal precedence when they held meetings at his castle. 亚瑟王。他这样做是为了让他的骑士有相同优先级,当他们在他的城堡举行了会谈。10. Why is the Monarchy carried out in UK? 为什么英国的君主制进行(P. 38, P2) The power of the monarchy was largely derived from the ancient doctrine of the “divine right of kings (君权神授)”. It was held that the
7、 sovereign derived his authority from God, not from his subjects (臣民).(中译本38,P2)电力君主制是很大程度上源自于古代的教条“神权的国王(君权神授)”。这是认为主权派生的权力都来自于上帝,而不是从臣民(臣民)。11. What is the current government type (政府模式) of the UK?Both Parliamentary Democracy and Constitutional monarchy 两个议会民主和君主立宪制国家12. What are the constituent p
8、arts of British parliament? 什么是英国议会的组成部分The House of Lords, and House of Commons 英国上议院和下议院的13. What are the three major political parties in the UK? 什么是三个主要政党在英国吗Labor Party; Conservative Party; Liberal Democrats Party 工党,保守党,自由民主党党14. Which city is the capital city of Scotland, Wales, and Northern
9、Ireland, respectively? 哪个城市的首都是苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰,分别吗Scotland Edinburgh (爱丁堡)Wales Cardiff (加的夫)Northern Ireland - Belfast (贝尔法斯特)15. What are the three laws which consist of the British constitution? 哪三个是法律,由英国宪法Statute law, Common law, and Convention law. 成文法,习惯法,法律和惯例。16. What are the main functions of
10、 British parliament? 的主要功能是什么英国议会呢To pass laws, to vote for taxation, to scrutinize government policy, administration, and expenditure and to debate the major issues of the day. 通过法律,投票支持税收、监督政府政策、管理和支出和辩论中的主要问题一天。17. What is the primary role of the Monarchy? 什么是最主要的任务君主制吗?To symbolize the tradition
11、 and unity of the British state. 象征着传统的团结和英国政府。18. What is the main feature of British constitution? 什么是英国宪法的主要特征There is no written constitutions which most countries have. 没有成文宪法,大多数国家。19. Strictly speaking, which three parts consist of the Parliament? 严格地说,这三个部分组成的议会The Queen, the House of Lords,
12、 and the House of Common 女王,英国上议院的住宅,以及常见的20. Who are peers in the parliament? 谁是同行议会呢The member of the House of Lords, usually called Lords. 成员的上议院,通常称为领主。21. What is the difference between hereditary peers and life peers? 之间的区别是什么世袭贵族和生活的同行hereditary Peers are those who inherited the seat from the
13、ir forefathers, while life peers are those who are appointed by the sovereign, at the suggestion of the Prime Minister. The latter are not allowed to pass his seat to his son. 世袭贵族是那些继承了祖先的席位,而那些终身贵族所任命的主权,在首相的建议。后者是不允许把座位让给了他的儿子。22. Who are the Lords Spiritual ? 谁是上议院神职人员The Archbishops and most pr
14、ominent bishops of the Church of England in the House of Lords. 主教和最著名的英国教堂的主教在上议院的。23. Who are MPS? 谁是议员The members of the House of Commons. 成员的下议院议员。24. How long can a MP sit in the House of Commons after he/she has been elected? 多久才能议员坐在下议院的在他/她已当选吗Five years.25. Is a MP be allowed to be reelecte
15、d? If yes, how many times is he/she allowed to be reelected? 是一个国会议员可以连任?如果是的 ,有多少次是他/她允许再次当选Yes. A Mp is allowed to be reelected limitless number of times 是的。一个允许当选议员是无限的次数26. What is the British Social Class Structure: 什么是英国的社会阶级结构Hereditary aristocracy 世袭贵族Upper middle-class 上层中产阶级Middle-class 中产
16、阶级Lower middle-class 下层中产阶级Working-class 工薪阶层27. What does Oxbridge mean? 牛津和剑桥是什么意思The nickname of Oxford and Cambridge university run together. 绰号牛津和剑桥大学一起运行。28. Who are “power-elite” in the UK?Those who holds a disproportionate share of wealth and influence at the top of UK society 那些拥有不成比例的财富和影响力在顶部的英国社会29. What is distinctive about the British Class-system, and which marks it as different from the American or Chinese social structure? 什么是
