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1、2000 年 一The difference between a liquid and a gas is obvious (26) the conditions of temperature and pressure commonly found at the surface of the Earth. A liquid can be kept in an open container and (27) it to the level of a free surface. A gas forms no free surface but (28) to diffuse throughout th
2、e space available; it must (29) be kept in a closed container, as (30) a planets atmosphere. The distinction was a prominent feature of early theories (31) the phases of matter. In the nineteenth century, for example, one theory maintained that a liquid could be dissolved in a vapor without losing i
3、ts identity, and another theory held that the two phases are( 32 )different kinds o f molecules(分子). The theories now prevailing (33) a quit e different approach by emphasizing what liquids and gases have in common. They are both forms of matter that have no permanent structure and they both flow ea
4、 silly. They are fluids. The( 34 )similarly of liquids and gases becomes clearly apparent when the temperature and pressure are raised somewhat.(35) A closed container partially filled with a liquid is heated. The liquid expands or (36) becomes less dense; some of it evaporates. (37), the vapor abov
5、e the liquid surface becomes dense r as the evaporated molecules are added to it. The combination of temperature and d pressure (38) the densities become equal is (39) the critical point. Above the critical point the liquid and the gas can no longer be( 40 ); there is a single, undifferentiated flui
6、d phase of uniform density.26. A. in B. on C. under D. beyond 27. A. fills B. be filled C. filling D. to fill 28. A. intends B. tends C. inclines D. contends 29. A. however B. nevertheless C. so D. therefore 30 A. in the event of B. in the case of C. with a view to D. with reference to 31. A. having
7、 described B. described C. describing D. to have described 32. A. made up of B. consisted of C. constituted of D. made from 33. A. apply B. adapt C. take D. conduct 34. A. elementary B. crucial C. rudimentary D. fundamental 35. A. Suppose B. To suppose C. Being supposed D. Supposed 36. A. in a word
8、B. in the meantime C. in other words D. in that case 37. A. Similarly B. In contrast C. Furthermore D. Instead 38. A. on that B. on which C. at that D. at which 39. A. known B. defined C. called D. referred to 40. A. classified B. recognized C. categorized D. Distinguished短文大意：这篇文章介绍了气体与液体的特性及相关理论。2
9、6答案：B【试题分析】本题考查对固定搭配的掌握。【详细解答】under 与 condition 搭配，表示“在条件或状况下”；on 与 condition 搭配，表示“在条件下”；in 与 condition 构成习惯短语，表示“身体状况良好 ”，而 be out of condition”则表示“ 身体状况不好”。 这里是说 “在地球表面通常的温度和压强条件下”，故选项 B 为正确答案。27答案：A【试题分析】本题为语法题，考查对句子结构的理解。【详细解答】由于所填词前有 and 这一并列连词，这里缺少一个谓语与前面的“can be” 并列。谓语动词 fill 意思是“使充满” ，具有使动意
10、义，其后直接跟宾语，故选项 A 是正确答案。28答案：B【试题分析】本题为动词词义辨析题。【详细解答】 intend 意为“打算，意图”，主语通常是人；tend意为“有 倾向” ，后接不定式，主语可以是人也可以是物；incline意为“使(某人)倾向于，使(某人)有意思(做某事)”，常用于被动语态be inclined to；contend 意为“ 争夺；争辩”。这里是说 “但（气体）往往会扩散到任何可能的空间”，故选项 B 为正确答案。29答案：D【试题分析】本题为语法题，考查连词的用法。【详细解答】however 表转折意为“然而”；nevertheless 也表转折，意为“然而 ”；so
11、 表结果，但常放于句首; therefore 表结果，意为“因此，所以” 。这里是说气体容易扩散，所以必须保存在密闭的容器里。因此此处需要一个表结果关系的连词，故选项 D 为正确答案。30答案：B【试题分析】本题考查对固定搭配的掌握。【详细解答】in the event of 表示“ 如果发生，万一”；in the case of 表示“在的情况下，就而言”; with a view of 或者with a view to，意思是 “以为目的；为起见”；with reference to 意思是“关于 ”。根据上下文，这里是说“ 必须将气体存放在一个密封的容器里，如同一颗行星的大气一样。 ”
12、故选项 B 为正确答案。31答案：C【试题分析】本题为语法题，考查对非谓语动词的掌握。【详细解答】本句中的 describe 的逻辑主语为 theories，故应用现在分词。同时，describe 这一动作只说明一种事实，并不与其他动词作时间上的先后比较，不必用完成式。故选项 C 为正确答案。32答案：A【试题分析】本题为短语词义与用法辨析题。【详细解答】consist of 一般用主动式; be made from 一般指某种产品由某种材料制成(但从外表上看不出原材料); be made up of 表示“由组成 ”。根据上下文理解，此处要求填一“由组成”的短语，故选项 C 为正确答案。33
13、答案：C【试题分析】本题考查对固定搭配的掌握。【详细解答】apply 意为“ 应用”；adapt 意为“使适应” ；conduct意为“指导；处理 ”，均不能与 approach 搭配。take approach 为固定搭配，意思是“采用 方法” ，符合句意。34答案：D【试题分析】本题为形容词词义辨析题。【详细解答】 elementary 意为“初步的，基本的”，指事物处于基础的或开始的阶段；crucial 意为“极紧要的，决定性的”；rudimentary 意为“ 基本的，初步的 ”；fundamental 意为“ 基础的，十分重要的”。文中说 “液体与气体之间的根本相似性在温度和压强有所
14、提高时变得十分明显。 ”故选项 D 最合题意。35答案：A【试题分析】本题为语法题，考查动词的特殊用法。【详细解答】suppose 后常接一个省略了 that 的宾语从句，表示“假定，假设” ，用来展开说明。36答案：C【试题分析】本题考查关联词的用法。【详细解答】in a word 表示对上文的总结；in the mean time 表示“同时”；in that case 表示“在那种情况下”；in other words 意为“ 换句话说”。上文的 “expands”和后文“becomes less dense”的意思一致，后一句是为了解释说明前一句，故用 in other words。3
15、7答案：B【试题分析】本题考查语篇分析能力。【详细解答】 similarly 意为“ 同样的”；furthermore 意为“ 而且”，表示更进一步的关系；instead 意为“相反，反而 ”，表对比关系，一般针对相同人、事情或行为。上文说当加热的时候，液体蒸发变得稀薄，而下文说气体因为蒸汽分子的加入而变得稠密，因此两句之间存在明显对比关系，只有 in contrast 最合题意。38答案：D【试题分析】本题考查关系词的用法。【详细解答】本句子意为“使液体和气体密度相同的那个状态下的温度和压力被称作临界点。 ”句中的“temperature and pressure”是先行词，需要一个关系词引导一个定语从句修饰先行词。特定数值的temperature 和 pressure 与 at 搭配意为“在某个温度和压力下”。由于that 引导定语从句时前面不能有介词，所以正确答案是 D。39答案：C【试题分析】本题为动词词义及用法辨析题。【详细解答】known 的常用结构是 be known to be 或 be known as； defined 常用结构是 be defined as；refer to 意为“ 提到，说起”，不用于被动语态；只有 called 后可直接接主语补语。
