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1、1Unit 4 EarthquakesSection 1 Warming Up, Reading & Comprehending重点知识精讲一、重点单词1. burst(1) vi. （使）爆裂；胀开；突然出现；涨满；爆满That balloon will burst if you blow it up any more. 你再给气球充气，它就要爆了。He burst into the room without knocking. 他没敲门就闯进了房间。The roads are bursting with cars. 车辆把道路挤满了。(2) n. 突然爆裂；爆发；迸发His breath
2、was coming in short bursts. 他呼吸急促。I tend to work in bursts. 我的工作劲头往往是一阵一阵的。【知识拓展】be bursting to do sth 急于（或迫切想）做某事burst (sth) open （使）猛然打开burst in 突然打断（插嘴）burst into a room = break into a room 破门而入burst in on sb./ sth. （突然闯进而）打乱；扰乱burst into tears = burst out crying 突然大哭起来burst into laughter = burst
3、 out laughing 突然大笑起来burst out （突然）激动地喊叫burst into flames 突然燃烧起来burst on/ onto sb. 突然显现；突然在出现【注意】burst 的过去式和过去分词都是 burst。2. ruin(1) vt. 毁坏；破坏；毁灭；使破产The bad weather ruined our trip. 恶劣的天气破坏了我们的旅行。If she loses the case itll ruin her. 如果败诉，她就完蛋了。(2) n. 破产；祸根；废墟；断壁残垣A large number of churches fell into r
4、uin after the revolution. 革命过后许多教堂都被毁了。The old mill is now little more than a ruin. 老磨坊现在只剩下断壁残垣了。【注意】ruin 作“废墟”讲时用复数形式 ruins。【知识拓展】ruined adj. 毁坏的；严重受损的in ruins 毁坏；严重受损；破败不堪fall into ruin 衰落；败落lie in ruins 破败不堪；成为废墟【辨析】ruin，damage 与 destroy三个词都有“毁坏”之意，但语意各有侧重。destroy 指彻底毁坏，有毁灭和不能修复之意。ruin 意为“破坏；毁坏”
5、 ，与 destroy 接近，但程度较轻，常指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏。damage 意为“ 损害；毁坏” ，程度较轻，可重新修好使用。The fire destroyed most of the building. 大火把这座建筑物几乎烧毁了。2The rain ruined my holiday. 这场雨把我的假期给毁了。Smoking can damage your health. 吸烟有害于你的健康。3. injure vt. （尤指在事故中）伤害；使受伤；损害；伤害（名誉、自尊等）He injured his knee while playing hockey. 他打曲棍球时膝盖
6、受伤了。This could seriously injure the companys reputation. 这会严重地损害公司的声誉。【知识拓展】injured adj. 受伤的；有伤的；受到伤害的injury n. （对躯体的）伤害；损伤；（对感情的）伤害injurious adj. 造成伤害的；有害的the injured 受伤的人；伤员；伤兵【辨析】injure，wound 与 hurtinjure 一般指意外或事故受伤，为一时难愈之伤。would 指外伤，如刀伤、枪伤、剑伤，尤指在战斗、战争中受伤。hurt 是“受伤”的一般用语，既可之肉体上的伤害，亦可指精神上的伤害。另外，hu
7、rt 还可用作不及物动词，意为“疼痛；引起痛苦” 。He cant play today because hes injured his knee. 他弄伤了膝盖，因此今天不能上场。The bullet wounded his arm. 子弹打伤了他的胳膊。His words hurt me. 他的话伤害了我。4. useless adj. 无用的；无效的；无益的；差劲的；不行的；不擅长的She tried to work, but it was useless. 她很想做事，但力不从心。Dont ask her for help, Shes useless. 别求她帮忙，她没有那个能耐。(1
8、) Its useless to do / doing sth. 干是无用的；干是无价值的I knew it was useless to protest. 我知道抗议也是徒劳。Its useless worrying about it. 为这事担心无济于事。(2) be useless at sth./ doing sth. 在某方面差劲；在某方面不行Im useless at French. 我的法语不行。Hes useless at playing chess. 他下棋很差劲。【知识拓展】uselessly adv. 无用地；无效地uselessness n. 无用；无价值useful
9、adj. 有用的；有益的；实用的usefulness n. 有用；实用usage n. 用法；用途Its no use doing sth = Its useless doing sth. 干是没用的【注意】Its useless 之后常接动名词做真正的主语，但有时也用不定式。5. shock(1) n. C, U 震惊；令人震惊的事；剧烈震动The news of his death came as a shock to us all. 他的死讯让大家都感到震惊。(2) n. U 休克；震动She was taken to hospital suffering from shock. 她因休
10、克被送到医院。The shock of the explosion could be felt up to six miles away. 爆炸引起的剧烈震动在六英里以外都能感觉到。(3) v. （使）震惊；震动She was deeply shocked by her childs death. 孩子的死使她悲痛欲绝。It still shock me when I hear young children swear. 听到小孩子骂人，我还是很不舒服的。【知识拓展】shocking adj. 骇人听闻的；令人气愤的；令人憎恶的；非常糟糕的3shocked adv. 惊讶的；震惊的shocki
11、ngly adv. 令人震惊地shock wave（爆炸、地震等引起的）冲击波【辨析】shocking 与 shockedshocking 和 shocked 都可用作定语和表语，但 shocking 意为“令人震惊的” ，它往往表示被修饰的人或事给别人的感觉。shocked 意为“惊讶的；震惊的” ，它表示人自身的感觉。The result of the game is shocking. 比赛结果令人震惊。I am shocked at his change. 他的变化让我震惊。6. rescue (1) n. U 救援；营救；抢救We had given up hope of rescu
12、e at that time. 我们那时已放弃了获救的希望。(2). n. C 营救行动The fisherman was saved in a daring sea rescue. 在一次惊心动魄的海上营救行动中，那名渔民获救了。(3) vt. 营救；援救；抢救He rescued a child from drowning. 他救起了一名落水儿童。You rescued me from an embarrassing situation. 我正感到尴尬，你为我解了围。【知识拓展】rescue sb. from sb./ sth. 从里/中救起；援救；营救come/ go to ones r
13、escue 来/去营救某人【辨析】save 与 rescuesave 意为 “挽救；拯救” ，它可以表示医生对病人生命的挽救，也可以救别人于危难之中，还可以表示对婚姻、事业等其他形式的挽救。rescue 意为“营救；援救 ”。The police saved him in the sea. 警察从大海中把他救起。People trapped in the flood were waiting for rescue. 困在洪水中的人们正在等待营救。7. bury vt. 埋葬；安葬He was buried in Highgate Cemetery. 他被安葬在海格特公墓。 埋藏；掩盖；使陷入T
14、he dog had buried its bone in the garden. 狗把骨头埋在花园里。The house was buried under ten feet of snow. 房子被埋在十英尺厚的积雪中。He buried his face in his hands and wept. 他双手掩面而泣。 掩藏（感情、错误等）She has learned to bury her feelings. 她已学会了感情不外露。【知识拓展】burial n. 埋葬；葬礼bury sth. in sth. 使陷入；把插入bury oneself in sth 专心致志于be burie
15、d in sth. 埋头干 ；专心致志于8. title n. C 名称；标题；题目His poems were published under the title of Love and Reason 他的诗是以爱情与理智为题发表的。The title of this painting is The Last Supper. 这幅画的标题是最后的晚餐 。4 称号；头衔；职称；称谓Give your name and title. 报出你的名字和称谓。The official title of this job is Administrative Assistant.这个职位的正式名称为“行政助理” 。 冠军She has three world titles. 她已获得三项世界冠军。Those boxers are fighting for the world title. 那些拳击手在争夺世界冠军。【辨析】title ， headline，theme 与 subjecttitle 指书画、戏剧、乐曲、诗歌的“名称，标题” 。headline 指新闻报道的“标题 ”。theme 指谈话、演讲、音乐的“主题，主旋律” ，意狭。subject 是“题目，标题
