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1、Lecture ThreePart one （colonialism) 1607 Jamestown, Virginia：the first permanent English settlement in America 1620 Plymouth, Massachusetts: the second permanent English settlement in America Captain John Smith: the first American writer writing in English Anne Bradstreet: the first American woman p
2、oetMajor work: The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung up in America (1650)Contemplations (9) on P. 17 （熟悉这首诗歌）To My Dear and Loving Husband致我亲爱的丈夫 Philis Wheatley: the first black woman poet in American literature Edward Taylor: the most famous poet in the colonial periodHuswifery on P. 19 （熟悉这首诗歌） Roger Will
3、iams: The Bloody Tenet of Persecution for the Cause of Conscience (1644) Translated the Bible into the Indian tongue John Winthrop: “Model of Christian Charity” （基督慈善之典范）The History of New England (two volumes, 1825, 1826) (新英格兰史) 1630 - 1649 in diary Thomas Paine: Common Sense, The American Crisis,
4、 The Rights of Man, The Age of Reason Philip Freneau: Poet of the American RevolutionThe Wild Honeysuckle, The Indian Burying Ground, The Dying Indian: Tomo Chequi Charles Brockden Brown: the first important American novelistWieland, Edgar Huntly, Ormond, Aurthur Mervyn第一部分 殖民主义时期的文学一、时期综述1、清教徒采用的文学
5、体裁：a、narratives 日记 b、journals 游记2、清教徒在美国的写作内容：1）their voyage to the new land2) Adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops3) About dealing with Indians4) Guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit3、清教徒的思想：1）puritan want to make up pure their religious beliefs and pract
6、ices 净化信仰和行为方式2) Wish to restore simplicity to church and the authority of the Bible to the theology. 重建教堂，提供简单服务，建立神圣地位3）look upon themselves as chosen people, and it follow logically that anyone who challenged their way of life is opposing Gods will and is not to be accepted. 认为自己是上帝选民，对他们的生活有异议就是
7、反对上帝4）puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated. 反对对快乐和艺术的追求到了十分荒唐的地步 5）religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a wrathful God.强调上帝严厉的一面，忽视上帝仁慈的一面。4、典型的清教徒： John Cotton & Roger William他们的不同：John Cotton was much more concerned with authority than with demo
8、cracy; William begins the history of religious toleration in America.5、William 的宗教观点：Toleration did not stem from a lack of religious convictions. Instead, it sprang from the idea that simply to be virtuous in conduct and devout in belief did not give anyone the right to force belief on others. He a
9、lso felt that no political order or church system could identify itself directly with God. 行为上的德，信仰上的诚，并没有给任何人强迫别人该如何行事的权利。没有任何政治秩序和教会体制能够直接体现神本身的意旨。6、英国最早移民到美国的诗人：Anne Bradstreet7、在殖民时期最好的清教徒诗人：the best of Puritan poets is Edward Tayor.学习指南：1、Could you give a description of American Puritans? 关于美国清
10、教徒的描绘Like their brothers back in England, were idealists, believing that the church should be restored to the purity of the first-century church as established by Jesus Christ himself. To them religion was a matter of primary importance. They made it their chief business to see that man lived and th
11、ought and acted in a way which tended to the glory of God. They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God, all that John Calvin, the great French theologian who lived in Geneva had preached. It was th
12、is kind of religious belief that they brought with them into the wildness. There they meaant to prove that were Gods chosen people enjoying his blessings on this earth as in Heaven.2、Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety were the Puritan values that dominated much of the earliest American writing.3、
13、The work of two writers, Anne Bradstreet & Edward Taylor, rose to the level of real poetry.4、The earliest settlers included Dutch, Swedes, Germans, French, Spaniards Italian, and Portuguese. Part Two Reasoning and revolution一、美国的性质：The war for Independence ended in the formation of a Federative bour
14、geois democratic republic - the United States of America. 联邦的资产阶级民主共和国-美利坚合众国。二、代表作家：1、Benjamin Franklin 本杰明富兰克林 1706-17901）Poor Richards Almanac 穷人查理德的年鉴 annual collection of proverbs 流行谚语集It soon became the most popular book of its kind, largely because of Franklins shrewd humor, and first spread
15、his reputation2) Founded the Junto, a club for informal discussion of scientific, economic and political ideas. 建立了一个秘密俱乐部，讨论的主题是政治、经济和科学等时事方面的问题3）established Americas first circulating library, founded the college-University of Pennsylvania. 建立了美国第一个可租借的图书馆，还创办了一所大学就是现在的宾夕法尼亚大学。4）first applied the
16、terms positive and negative to electrical charges.5)As a representative of the Colonies, he tried in vain to counsel the British toward policies that would let America grow and flourish in association with England. He conducted the difficulty negotiations with France that brought financial and military support for America in the war. 作为殖民地的代表，他不断建议英国改变政策，使美国可以和英国一起发展、繁荣。他说服法国支持美国的独立战争
