《中考复习系列六:介词及连词》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《中考复习系列六:介词及连词(12页珍藏版)》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、中考复习系列六 介词与连词一、中考对介词与连词的知识要求:中考对介词的考查主要集中在:1、掌握常用介词及其词组的主要用法与意义;2、掌握常用动词、形容词与介词、副词的固定搭配及其意义。中考对连词的考查主要集中在:1、掌握并列连词 and, but, or, so 等的主要用法;2、掌握常用的从属连词的基本用法 ( when, after, because, as soon as)二、介词考察点分项说明:介词在英文中是一种虚词。介词不能单独使用,一般也无句子重音。常常放在名词或代词之前,与之一起构成介词短语,共同充当句子成分。很多介词从词义上往往看不出是介词。如:against 的意思是 “反对
2、”,在汉语里是动词,在英语里却是介词。(一)表示时间的介词:1at, in,on(1) at 表示“在某一时刻、某一时点”(2)in 表示“在某月、季节、年、世纪” 以及泛指的上午、下午、晚上。in September in winter in 1999 in the 20th century in the morning/afternoon/evening(3)on 表示“在具体某一天或某天的上、下午”。泛指上、下午、晚上、夜间时用 in the morning/afternoon/evening, at night;但若指具体某一天的上述时段时,则一律用 on。on Monday on A
3、pril 1ston the afternoon of May 232from, since, for(1) from 表示“时间的起点”。You can come anytime from Monday to Friday. 周一至周五你什么时间来都行。The exam will start from 9:00am. 考试将从上午九点开始。(2) since 表示 “自从以来(直到现在) ”He has been away from home since 1973. 他自从1973年就离开了家乡。 We have known each other since ten years ago.我们
4、十年前就认识了。(3) for 与 since 表示一段时间,但 for 与时间段连用,而 since 与时间点连用。for two hours since last week3after, in, within(1) after 表示“在之后”,是 before 的反义词。Well hold a party after dinner. 晚餐后我们将举办晚会。He got a cancer and died after a year. 他患了癌症,一年后去世了。(2) within“在时间之内”I can finish it within an hour. 我不需一小时就可把它做完。(3) i
5、n 后面接过去的时间点表过去,若后面接一段时间,则表示“ 在时间之后”I was born in 1983.我出生于1983年。My father will come back in three days.我爸爸将会在3天后回来。(二)表示“ 地点、方向”的介词:1in, outside between, among(1) in 表示“在里面”,如:Whats in the box? 盒子里是什么?She put her book in the desk. 她把书放进了书桌。(2) outside 指“ 在外面”There are many people outside the room. 房
6、间外有很多人。What did your see outside the hall? 你在大厅外看见了什么?(3) between 在之间(指二者)There is a hospital between the hotel and the post office. 在宾馆与邮局之间有所医院。The building stands between the park and the small river. 那栋建筑位于公园与小河之间。among 在之间(指三者以上)“There is a thief among you.” The policeman shouted to the crowd.
7、警察向人群喊道:“ 你们中间有个小偷! He found his place among the crowd. 他在人群中找到了他的位置。2on, above, over, below, under(1) on 在 上面,表面相互接触。There is an apple on the table. 桌上有一个苹果。On the top of the hill, there is a flag. 山顶有一面旗子。(2) above 只表示“在上方或位置高出”,与 below 相对。A plane flew above our heads. 一架飞机从我们头上飞过。The Turners live
8、 above us. 特纳一家人住在我们的上面。(3) over“在正上方”,与 under 相对。There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座桥。The picture is hanging over the blackboard. 那张图挂在黑板的正上方。(4) below 在下方,低于There are many flowers below the window. 窗下有很多花。Her skirt reaches just below her knees. 她的裙子刚到膝盖下。(5) under 在 正下方They sat under a big tre
9、e, drinking. 他们坐在一棵大树下喝酒。What are you wearing under your coat? 你外套里面穿了什么?3near, by, beside(1) near 在附近,与 far 相对A hospital was built near the railway station.在火车站附近建了一所医院。My home is near he school. 我的家离学校很近。(2) by = beside,靠近,在旁边,比 near 距离更近 He just sat by/ beside me in the cinema.在电影院他就坐在我旁边。He lay
10、down beside the statuary. 他在雕像旁躺下了。4in front of, in the front of , behind, around(1) in front of 在前面 , in the front of 表示“ 在 前部”,指里面。 A river flows in front of the house.房子前有一条河They put a bunch of flowers in front of the door. 他们在门前放了一束花。There is a red chair in the front of the room.在房间前面有把红椅子。(2) b
11、ehind 在后面A high building stands behind the village.村子后面有一高层建筑。The cat lies behind the door. 猫躺在门后面。(3) around 在 周围,围绕There are many trees around the village.村子周围有很多树围绕。There are flowers around the stage. 舞台周围摆着鲜花。5along, across, through(1) along 沿着He likes to drive along the river.他喜欢沿着河开车。There are
12、 all kinds of beautiful flowers along the road street. 沿街有着各种美丽的花。(2) across 横穿The little girl is afraid to go across the street.这个小女孩不敢横穿马路。Its dangerous to run across the busy road. 跑着穿越繁忙的马路是很危险的。(3) through 穿过It took us ten minutes to drive through the tunnel.开车穿过这条隧道花了我们10分钟时间。He pushed his way
13、 through the crowd to the platform. 他从人群里挤到了站台。6at, in二者都表示“ 在某个地方 ”,但 at 多指较小的地方,如车站、家等,而 in 多指在“大地方”,如城市、国家、大洲等。 (但大小有时也是相对的) 。He lives at No.27 Zhongshan street in Nanjing.他住在南京市中山路27号。The plane will arrive in Beijing at 13:00. 飞机将于13点到达北京。三、其它用途的介词:1表示“标准或单位 ”的介词: at, for, by(1) at 表示“以速度”“以价格”H
14、e drove at a speed of 80 miles an hour.他以每小时80英里的速度行驶。I sold my car at a high price.我以高价出售了我的汽车。2表示“材料 ”的介词:of, from(1) of 表示从成品仍可看出原料。This box is made of paper.这个盒子是纸做的。This salad is made of apples and strawberries. 这种沙拉是由苹果与草莓做的。(2) from 表示从成品已看不出原料。Bread is made from wheat.面包是小麦做的。The lifeboat is
15、 made from some special material. 这个救生艇是由某种特殊材料制成的。3表示“工具或手段 ”的介词: by, with, on(1) by 凭借“工具或手段(多用于交通工具)如:by bus 乘公共汽车,by plane 乘飞机He usually goes to work by bike.他通常骑车去上班。He sent the news to me by e-mail.他通过电子邮件发给了我这一消息。(2) with 用 工具He broke the window with a stone.他用石头把玻璃打碎了。He stopped the ball wit
16、h his right foot.他用右脚把球停住。(3) on 以 方式。多用于固定词组。They talked on the telephone.他们通过电话进行交谈。She learns English on the radio/on TV.她通过收音机/ 电视学英语。4besides, except 都表示“除了” 。besides 的用法就等于 as well as。He is interested in tennis besides (as well as) football.除了足球,他还对网球感兴趣。(1)besides 是包括后面所提人或物在内的 “除了”,可以理解为“除之外还、除之外又” ,表示两部分的相似性。 Twenty-five students w