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1、Long-term manure amendments and chemical fertilizers enhanced soil organic carbon sequestration in a wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)maize(Zea mays L.)rotationsystem 长期粪肥修复和化肥增强了小麦（Triticum aestivum L.） - 玉米（Zea mays L.）轮作系统中的土壤有机碳吸收AbstractBACKGROUND:The carbon sequestration potential is aected by cropp
2、ing system and management practices,but soil organic carbon(SOC) sequestration potential under fertilizations remains unclear in north China背景：碳固存潜力是种植系统和管理实践的影响，但是在施肥条件下中国北方的土壤有机碳（SOC）固存潜力仍不清楚This study examined SOC change,total C input to soil and,via integration of these estimates over years,carb
3、on sequestration eciency(CSE,the ratio of SOC change over C input) under no fertilization(control), chemical nitrogen fertilizer alone (N) or combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers (NP,NK,PKandNPK), or chemical fertilizers combined with low or high (1.5)manure input (NPKMand1.5NPKM).这项研究
4、检测了 SOC 变化，土壤的总 C 输入，并通过多年来综合估计碳螯合效率（CSE，SOC 变化与 C 输入的比率） 在没有施肥（对照），只有化学氮肥（N）或与磷肥和钾肥（NP，NK ，PKandNPK）组合，或与低或高（1.5）粪肥投入（NPKMand1.5NPKM）组合。RESULTS:Results showed that, as compared with the initial condition,SOC content increased by 0.03, 0.06, 0.05, 0.09, 0.16, 0.26, 0.47 and 0.68 Mg C ha 1 year 1 und
5、er control, N, NK, PK, NP, NPK, NPKM and 1.5NPKM treatments respectively. Correspondingly, the C inputs of wheat and maize were 1.24, 1.34, 1.55, 1.33, 2.72, 2.96, 2.97 and 3.15 Mg ha 1 year 1 respectively.结果表明，与初始条件相比，SOC 含量在对照，N，NK，PK ，NPNPK，NPKM 和 1.5NPKM 处理条件下分别提高了0.03, 0.06, 0.05, 0.09, 0.16, 0
6、.26, 0.47 和 0.68 Mg C 。 相应地，小麦和玉米的 C 投入分别为 1.24, 1.34, 1.55, 1.33, 2.72, 2.96, 2.97 和 3.15 Mg 。The long-term fertilization-induced CSE showed that about 11% of the gross C input was transformed into SOC pool.长期施肥诱导的 CSE 显示约 11的总 C 输入转化为 SOC 库。CONCLUSION:Overall,this study demonstrated that decade-lo
7、ng manure input combined with chemical fertilizers can maintain high crop yield and lead to SOC sequestration in north China.结论：总的来说，本研究表明，长达 10 年的粪肥与化肥相结合投入，可以保持较高的作物产量，并导致华北地区的 SOC 封存。INTRODUCTIONThe soil organic carbon (SOC) pool is an important indicator of soil quality and has significant direc
8、t and indirect impacts on soil quality. 土壤有机碳（SOC）库是土壤质量的重要指标，对土壤质量具有显著地直接和间接影响。Maintenance of SOC is essential for long-term sustain-able agriculture, since declining levels generally lead to decreased crop productivity.维持 SOC 对于长期可持续农业至关重要，因为下降的水平通常导致作物生产力下降.Optimum levels of SOC can be managed th
9、rough improving tillage methods,applying mineral fertiliz-ers and organic amendments and adopting appropriate crop rotations可以通过改进耕作方法，施用矿物肥料和有机修复物并采用适当的作物轮作来管理 SOC 的最佳水平。It is the C input and output balance that determines the carbon sequestration of soil. C 输入和输出的平衡决定土壤碳固存The major source of C inp
10、ut in cropland agriculture comes from crop residues (straws, stubble, roots and rhizodeposition exudates) and organic manures.耕地农业中 C 投入的主要来源是作物残留（秸秆，茬，根和根际沉积渗出物）和有机肥料。The below-ground biomass returned to the cropland is however difficult to determine and can only be estimated from its proportion to
11、 crop yield or aboveground biomass. 然而，返回到农田的地下生物量很难确定，并且只能从其与作物产量或地上生物量的比例来估计。Clearly, the C input varies with crop type, soil fertility, management practices and climatic conditions. 显然，C 输入因作物类型，土壤肥力，管理实践和气候条件而异。For example, Srinivasarao etal reported that the C inputs ranged from 0.5 Mg ha/year
12、for no fertilization to 3.6 Mg C ha/year for chemical fertilization with groundnut shell under a groundnut-based system in southern India例如，Srinivasarao 等人报道，在印度南部，C 输入量为 0.5 毫克/公顷/年至 3.6 毫克/公顷/年，前者不施肥，后者在基础花生系统条件下，用花生壳施化肥。Kundu etal estimated that the C inputs in soil ranged from 0.9 Mg C ha/year f
13、or no fertilization to1.8 Mg C ha/ year for chemical fertilization under rainfed soybeanwheat rotation in a sandy loam soil of Indian Himalayas.Kundu 等人估计土壤中的 C 输入量在印度喜马拉雅山的砂质壤土中从未施肥的 0.9Mg/公顷/年到在旱作大豆 - 小麦轮作下施化肥的1.8Mg/公顷 /年。A high C input usually results in high carbon sequestration in soil.高 C 输入通常
14、导致土壤中高的碳固存However, the relationship between the carbon sequestration and the C input varies in different studies.然而，碳固存和 C 输入之间的关系在不同的研究中不同Many studies have indicated a strong positive linear relation between the C amount incorporated into soil, either from the crop residues or from external sources
15、 such as manure,and the carbon sequestration.许多研究表明，在作物残留物或来自外部来源如粪肥引入土壤中的C 量与碳固存之间存在显著的正线性关系Logarithmic correlations were also found based on long-term fertilization experiments.基于长期施肥实验也发现对数相关性The linear relation indicated that the soil had constant carbon sequestration efficiency and no C saturat
16、ion level within a certain range of C input线性关系表明土壤在 C 输入的一定范围内具有恒定的碳固存效率和没有 C 饱和水平In contrast, the logarithmic relation showed a weakening efficiency of carbon sequestration when the SOC approached saturation level.相反，当 SOC 接近饱和水平时，对数关系显示碳固存的效率减弱The Huang-Huai-Hai Plain located in the temperate zone of north China is one of the most productive agricultural regions in China, but few studies have focused on SOC sequestration potential in the typical croplan
