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1、DESIGN OF AN AUTOMATIC TOOL CHANGER WITH DISC MAGAZINE FOR A CNC HORIZONTAL MACHINING CENTERAbstract-Automatic tool changers (ATCs) are devices used in CNC machine tools to exchange the tool in the spindle with the tool in the magazine. In this paper, the design of the ATC of a CNC horizontal machin
2、ing center which was realized for a CNC machine tool manufacturer is introduced. After examination of several alternatives, it was decided to implement the disc-type ATC. A magazine was designed with 24 tools with a maximum tool diameter of 150 mm and a maximum tool weight of 8 kgf. The designed ATC
3、 can change the closest tool within 4 s and the tool farthest away within 6 s. 1997 Elvier Science Ltd. All fights reserved1. INTRODUCTIONAny machine tool manufacturer must either pay for the patent of any particular CNC machine tool, or design its own system to manufacture CNC machine tools. Buying
4、 a new technology is an expensive alternative, and it is not generally allowed to make any modifications and developments on the purchased system. The machine tool manufacturers refrain from selling new technologies developed by themselves, and they are generally willing to sell their abandoned tech
5、nologies.Therefore, a particular CNC machine tool manufacturer has started research and development studies for the design and production of a new CNC horizontal machining center. It was required to design a new system of ATC for this particular machine tool.An ATC can be defined as a device which c
6、an select and change tools from a tool storage magazine according to the commands given by the machine control unit.Various types of ATC with quite different working principles have been used in horizontal machining centers produced by the different machine tool manufacturers 1-17. A tool storage ma
7、gazine is generally either a chain type or a disc (carousel) type. However, nowadays, there are some other types of magazines such as spherical, cassette, etc. 17.Disc-type magazines may be categorized according to the functions of the discs.(1) In a disc with a changer arm-type magazine, the tools
8、are changed by means of an arm which takes the tool from the magazine and exchanges it with the one in the spindle. Therefore, the disc has the functions of indexing and storing the tools only 1-5. Some examples of this type are shown in Fig. l(a) 1, Fig. l(b) 1 and Fig. l(c) 5. (2) A disc without a
9、 changer arm-type magazine acts like a tool changer arm. The tools are changed by the disc itself 2, 6-8. An example of this type is shown in Fig. 2 1 . As shown in the figure, two disc magazines and two spindles mounted on a turret exist in this application. In an ATC with chain-type magazines 9-16
10、, the tool is changed by a changer arm. Chain-type magazines may be categorized according to the orientation of the tools in the magazine with respect to the spindle axis as follows.(1) The axes of the tools on the magazine are perpendicular to the spindle axis and the magazine is on either the righ
11、t- or left-hand side of the column. Therefore, in order to change the direction of the tools, an arm takes the tool and makes a rotation about a vertical axis to bring the new tool to the position parallel to the spindle axis as shown in Fig. 3(a) 13. In another version of this type, the tool pots,
12、where the tools are located, are rotated about their own axis to become parallel to the spindle axis, as shown in Fig. 3(b) 12. The changer arm exchanges the tools between the tool pot and the spindle axis.(2) The axes of tools on the chain magazine are in a plane parallel to the spindle axis. As sh
13、own in Fig. 3(c) 12, there is only one position of the tool at which the cutting tool becomes parallel to the spindle axis, and the tool is changed at that position. There is an arm which exchanges the tools between the spindle and the magazine.(3) The axes of tools on the magazine are parallel to t
14、he spindle axis. The arm which is in between the spindle and the magazine takes the tool and does a linear motion to approach the spindle and exchange the tools as shown in Fig. 3(d) 16.In Table l, different ATCs and their minimum tool to tool change times (T/T) are given based on the trade literatu
15、re 2-5, 7-14. In Table 1, D+A, D and C+A designate disc-type magazine with changer arm, disc-type magazine without changer arm, and chain-type magazine with changer arm, respectively.In disc magazines, as the number of tools increases, the diameter of the disc increases, which is an undesirable situ
16、ation from the space point of view. However, in a chain type, the number of tools is approximately 1.5 times that of the tools in the disc type in the same space 18. The ATC of the chain type can store many tools in a very small space. However, the chain-type magazines are expensive compared with the disc-type magazines.2. DESIGN OF ATCIn the stage of clarifying the design specifications for a CNC machine tool, suppl
