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1、高考英语阅读思路分析与解题方法- 猜词词义理解题常见的题型有:1. The author uses the word “” to mean _.2. The underlined word (phrase, term) “” means _.3. According to the passage, the word “” properly means _.4. The word “” in paragraph refers to _.5. By “”, the author means _.6. which of the following is closest in meaning to “
2、”?7. What is “”?1.定义法： 一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。信号词：be, be called, means, be defined as ,that is, that is to say,in other words,- (破折号)等 . It will be very hard but very brittle that is , it will break easily. The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. A mosquito is a small
3、flying pest that thrust the skin and then drink blood. Desert can be defined as a large area of land where there is not enough rain and vegetation to support human life. A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter. His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does
4、research on animals. They are vertebrates, that is , animals have backbones. The period of adolescence , i.e. the period between childhood and adulthood ,may be long or short.【实战练习】“Getting the cold shoulder” means that some one is actually in a way that makes you feel unwanted. The very words creat
5、e a picture: You can imagine a friend turning away so that, instead of a warm greeting, you receive only his shoulder a “cold” shoulder.The expression “getting the cold shoulder” means _. A. being treated rudely by paying no attention to youB. greeting you friendlyC. greeting you by rubbing shoulder
6、s with you D. feeding you cold meat2.对比法：利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。表示对比的信号词有 yet, but,while ,though however, otherwise, on the one handon the other hand, for one thingfor another thing, instead of 等。 Though Toms face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. John usually wastes a lo
7、t of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty. In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil. Some human actions are learned, but quite a few other actions are innate. Although a large number of people consid
8、ered him to have stolen the money, I was sure that he was innocent of the theft Most of us agreed, however, Bill dissented.【实战练习】She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.A. on time B. late C. slowly D. quickly 3.相似法：利用同义词、近义词（词组）或相似的结构猜测词义。当被猜
9、的词前后有信号词: or, like , asas, the same as 等就可以通过同义词、近义词来确定词义了。 The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year. Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter. Cleaning up waterways is an enormous task .The job i
10、s so large, in fact, that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted.【实战练习】Some of US looked with one eye and held up certain colors against the blackboard，rocking the sheets to the fight or left while we conjured up our designs. Others twisted their
11、 hair around their fingers or chewed their erasers while deep in thought. 47. The underlined phrase in paragraph 3 most probably means _. A. formed an idea for B. made an outline forC. made some space forD. chose some colors for4. 因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。信号词: because, since, as, for, due to, so, therefo
12、re, sothat, suchthat, thus One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing. That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day. Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic. The river is so turbid tha
13、t it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.【实战练习】When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective. 65. The underlined part “the colours turned the customers of
14、f” (in para.3) means that the colours_A. Attracted the customers stronglyB. Had weak effects on the customersC. Tricked the customers into shoppingD. Caused the customers to lose interest5.例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的信号词有 for instance, for example, such as: such, like, especially, include, consist of 等 To
15、day young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing machines, refrigerators and color televisions. Cars must have certain safety devices such as seat belt, headlights, and good brakes. On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for th
16、eir eggs and meat.6.构词法：英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：super- (超) mini- (极小的, 微小的) micro-（极微小的） re- （再，反复）mis-（误，恶） im-（不） un-（不，非） in-（不，非）non-（不，非） -able（能的 ） -less（不，无） -wards (向)superman (超人) microwave(微波) nonnatural (非自然的) rebuild (重建)
