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1、英语词性的分类及用法,词性的分类,词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可以分十个大类。,tree,dog,window,表示_、_以及_名字的词。,一、名词,人,事物,抽象概念,1. Frank is a boy.2. My sister is a pupil.3. Look at these birds.,He is seven. She is beautiful. I like the blue one.,名词的概念,名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词 . 专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing， China, the United States,等。 普通名
2、词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词包括可数名词(countable noun)和不可数名词(uncountable noun)可以计数的一般为可数名词，如：a student, two students不可以计数的一般为不可数名词,如：milk，rice，air,snow,rain,education,honesty,名词复数的规则变化,其它名词复数的规则变化,1) 以o 结尾的名词，变复数时：a. 加s，如： photo-photos piano-pianos radio-radios zoo-zoos； b. 加es，如：potatopotat
3、oes tomatotomatoes2) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时： a. 加s，如： belief-beliefs roof-roofs safe-safes gulf-gulfs；b. 去f, fe 加-ves，如：half-halvesknife-knives leaf-leaves wolf-wolves wife-wives life-lives thief-thieves；,名词复数的不规则变化,1）通过内部元音变换：child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice man-men woman-women2）单复同形如：deer，
4、sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese 3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。如： people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说a person，a policeman，a head of cattle, the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。ne
5、ws 是不可数名词。,名词的格,1.s所有格单数名词和不以s结尾的复数名词，加s如：mothers bags, childrens rooms,womens clothes以s结尾的复数名词，只加girls toys, Teachers Day并列名词表各自所有关系时，在各个名词后加s,如 Marys and Bobs books如果只在最后一个名词之后加s, 则表示两人共有的书，Mary and Bobs book,名词的格,2.of 所有格名词属格和of 所有格都可表示所有关系the eyes of cats= cats eyesthe room of the children=the c
6、hildrens room但当名词属格表示类别和属性时，不可用of 男士服装mens clothing，a doctors degree当名词词组是由“定冠词+形容词”构成，如the rich,只能用of ,the income of the richof 词组表示同位关系，不能用名词属格the city of Rome, the town of Bremen,practice,flower,flowers,找规律,watch,es,factory-factories,leaf - leaves,box,es,NOUN.,practice,找规律,tomatoes,potatoes,heroe
7、s,NOUN.,不规则变化,child-children,woman-women,deer,sheep,man-men,goose-geese,NOUN.,1.Several _ are talking under the treeAnd they are_. Awoman;children Bwoman;child Cwomen;children 2.How far is your school from here？ Not very farIts about twenty walk.（2000杭州） Aminutes Bminutes Cminutes 3. There are three
8、 in my family. (2004长春） A.people B. person C. child 4. Most students can go to college for further in our city. A. education B. information C.science 5. This is bedroom. The twin sister like it very much. A. Ann and Jane B. Ann and Janes C.Anns and Janes,典型例题解析,C,C,A,A,B,NOUN.,根据所给单词的正确形式填空：1. Diffe
9、rent people may have different _. (idea)2. I often go to work on . (foot)3. I know one of the . (boy)4. Mr. Brown is wearing a pair of . (glass)5. Please give them their . (photo)6. Are there any in the box? (watch)7. There are twelve in a year. (month)8. Would you like some ? (tomato)9. Look at tho
10、se in the boats! (people)10. Look! The are singing. (woman)11. September 10th is Day. (teacher)12. Jim has some . (knife)13. How much are these ? (vegetable)14. My school is twenty _ walk from here. (minute) 15. The girl under the tree is a friend of_. (Lucy),ideas,foot,boys,glasses,photos,watches,m
11、onths,tomatoes,people,women,Teachers,knives,vegetables,minutes,Lucys,NOUN.,十大词性,二、代词,1.概念：,代词是代替_的词。,2.英文表达：,noun,3.英文缩写：,pron.,pro,名词,代词,代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。,请用n. pron.标注出下列单词的词性grandpa it she skirt,teacher he pen kite this
12、,book we that brother,you school I chair sun,一、人称代词是表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化,通常，主格作主语,宾格作宾语通常，当单数的主格作主语时，谓语动词用单数；复数的的主格作主语时，谓语动词用复数。Eg. He is my friend. Its me. They are from China. She lent me a book. I love it. Are you interested in them?,二、 物主代词表示所有关系的代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代
13、词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种，其人物和数的变化见下表,形容词性物主代词=形容词，位于名词的前面名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词，之后不接名词。Eg. I like his car. Our school is here and theirs is there.This is your picture. And that is mine.,三、 指示代词表示那个、这个、这些、那些等指示概念的代词。,Eg. That is a good idea. I love those book in blue. These people are my friends.,四、自身代词，也称为反
14、身代词表示我自己、你自己、他自己、我们自己、你们自己和他们自己等的代词。,反身代词的用法,1. 用作同位语(加强被修饰词的语气，紧放在被修饰名词后, 或句末)：The box itself is not so heavy. You said it yourself.2. 用作宾语(动词或介词的宾语)：Take good care of yourself.3. 用作表语The poor boy was myself.,五、 表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词，有each other 和one another两组，但在运用中，这两组词没什么区别。,We should love each other.Tom and Betty are friends, so they always help each other. Our students learn one another.,eg. I want something hot. Do you need some coffee? There is nothing good. All of you are students.,
