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1、英语修辞手法的解释和例句 1.Simile 明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里, 而不是事物的自然属性.标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as 等.例如:1.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.2.I wandered lonely as a cloud.3.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fa
2、iry tale.2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物, 通过比较形成.例如:1.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.2.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.I.以容器代替内容,例如:1.The kettle boils. 水开了.2.The room sat s
3、ilent. 全屋人安静地坐着.II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.III.以作者代替作品,例如:a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气, 他们就用我的力气赚钱.4.Synecdoche 提喻提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般.例如:1.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体)他
4、的厂里约有 100 名工人.2.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般)他是本世纪的牛顿.3.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分）这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉, 移觉这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如：欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏；闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体；
5、听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子；又比如朱自清荷塘月色里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。例如:1.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice.（用视觉形容听觉，鸟落在树上，由它发出的声音联想到百合花）鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音.2.Taste the music of Mozart.（用嗅觉形容听觉）品尝 Mozart 的音乐.6.Personification 拟人拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物.例如:1.The night gently lays her ha
6、nd at our fevered heads.（把夜拟人化）2.I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.（把鸟拟人化）7.Hyperbole 夸张夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的.它可以加强语势, 增加表达效果.例如:1.I beg a thousand pardons.2.Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars.3.When she heard the bad news, a river of tears
7、poured out.8.Parallelism 排比, 平行这种修辞法是把两个或两个以上的结构大体相同或相似,意思相关, 语气一致的短语.句子排列成串,形成一个整体.例如:1.No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; no one can be perfectly happy till all are happy.2.In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I su
8、mmon you and yours, to the last of your bad race, to answer for them. In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon your brother, the worst of your bad race, to answer for them separately.9.Euphemism 委婉,婉辞法婉辞法指用委婉,文雅的方法表达粗恶,避讳的话.例如:1.He is out visiting the necessary. 他出去方便一下.2.H
9、is relation with his wife has not been fortunate. 他与妻子关系不融洽.3.Deng Xiaoping passed away in 1997. （去世）10.Allegory 讽喻,比方（原意“寓言”）建立在假借过去或别处的事例与对象之上，传达暗示，影射或者讥讽现世各种现象的含义。英文解释：an expressive style that uses fictional characters and events to describe some subject by suggestive resemblances; an extended me
10、taphor 摘自英语专业大学英语教程一书这是一种源于希腊文的修辞法,意为换个方式的说法. 它是一种形象的描述,具有双重性,表层含义与真正意味的是两回事.例如:1.Make the hay while the sun shines. 表层含义：趁着出太阳的时候晒草真正意味：趁热打铁 2.Its time to turn plough into sword.表层含义：是时候把犁变成剑11.Irony 反语反语指用相反意义的词来表达意思的作文方式.如在指责过失. 错误时,用赞同过失的说法,而在表扬时,则近乎责难的说法.1.It would be a fine thing indeed not kn
11、owing what time it was in the morning.早上没有时间观念还真是一件好事啊（真实含义是应该明确早上的时间观念）2Of course, you only carry large notes, no small change on you. the waiter said to the beggar.Sarcasm: (讽刺） Sarcasm is a strong form of irony. It attacks in a taunting and bitter manner, and its aim is to disparage, ridicule and
12、 wound the feelings of the subject attacked. For example, laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small flies, but let wasps break through.I love being married. Its so great to find that one special person you want to annoy for the rest of your lifeId insult you, but youre not bright enough to notice
13、. Not all men are annoying. Some are dead. Ridicule 嘲弄Is unkind laughter or remarks intended to make someone or something seem stupid.Eg. He mopped his bald dome in silence.Bryan, ageing and paunchy, was assisted.Innuendo: (暗讽） It is a mild form of irony, hinting in a rather roundabout (曲折)way at so
14、mething disparaging(不一致) or uncomplimentary(不赞美) to the person or subject mentioned.For example, the weatherman said it would be worm. He must take his readings in a bathroom.Innuendo and irony differ from each other. With irony, the intended meaning is explicit: it is expressed by the opposite of t
15、he literal meaning of the word used. In contrast, with innuendo, the intended meaning is implicit and the understanding of it depends on the context. Thats why innuendo is also called “a mild irony”. Compare the innuendo remarks with the plain statement in the brackets.12.Pun 双关双关就是用一个词在句子中的双重含义,借题发
16、挥.作出多种解释,旁敲侧击, 从而达到意想不到的幽默.滑稽效果.它主要以相似的词形.词意和谐音的方式 出现.例如:1.She is too low for a high praise, too brown for a fair praise and too little for a great praise.2.An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his country.3.If we dont hang together, we shall hang separately.13.Parody 仿拟这是一种模仿名言.警句.谚语,改动其中部分词语,从而使其产生新意的修辞.例如:1.Rome was not built in a day, nor in a year.2.A friend in need is a friend to be avoid
