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1、大家论坛 1英美文学重点 English & American Literature Old & Medieval English Literature Old English: 450-1066 the national epic of the Anglo-SaonsMedieval English： 1066 - middle 14th century Geoffrey Chaucer - the father of English poetry (wisdom, humor, humanity)first time to use heroic couplet The Renaissanc
2、e Period : 14th mid 17th started in ItalyA series of historical events:1. rediscovery of ancient Roman & Greek culture2. new discoveries in geography & astrology(占星学)3. the religious reformation & economic expansionThe Renaissance - rebirth or revival Humanism - the essence of the Renaissance, the d
3、ignity of human being & the importance of the present life Best representatives: Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe, William ShakespeareThe Elizabethan drama: the real mainstream of English RenaissanceMost famous dramatists: Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, Ben JonsonEdmund Spenser - the poet
4、s poet 5 quality: 1) a perfect melody 2)a rare sense of beauty 3)a splendid imagination4)a lofty(高尚的) moral purity and seriousness 5)a dedicated idealismlament(哀悼) over the loss of Rosalind主角：Arthur - who possess 12 virtuesGloriana the Fairy QueenThe theme is not “Arms and the man,” but something mo
5、re romantic “Fierce warres and faithfull loves”READING: excerpt from The Faerie Queene 仙后Content: Redcrosse Knight set out on his adventures.Christopher Marlowe “University Wits”, the pioneer of English drama Hyperbole(夸张)Marlowes achievement: 1) blank verse无韵诗歌大家论坛 2It is Marlowe who brought vitali
6、ty(活力) and grandeur(伟大) into the blank verse with his “mighty lines,” which carry strong emotions.2) his creation of the Renaissance hero for English drama.(not strong in dramatic construction.) the pioneer of English drama3 tragedies: the human passion for knowledge, power and happiness 帖木耳大帝 a pla
7、y about an ambitious and pitiless overpowering king.马尔他的犹太人non-drama pastoral(田园的) life ，the most beautiful lyrics(抒情诗)READING: 1. excerpt from Dr. Faustus 浮士德博士的悲剧A play based on the German legend Content: Faustus is a scholar who has a strong desire to acquire knowledge. By conjuration(念咒文召唤) he c
8、all up Mephistophilis, the Devils servant. He make a bond(契约) to sell his soul to the Devil in return for 24 years of life in which Mephistophilis to give him everything he desires. Devils name is Lucifer.Dominant moral is human rather than religious2. The Passionate(热情的 ) Shepherd to His Lovethis s
9、hort poem is considered to be one of the most beautiful lyrics(抒情诗) in English literature.The shepherd(牧羊人) enjoy an ideal country life, cherishing(珍爱) a pastoral(田园的) and pure affection for his love. Strong emotion is conveyed through the beauty of nature.William Shakespeare playwright & poet (abov
10、e all writers in the past and in the present time)1. , 2. , , , Comedies: , , Tragedy: romantic tragedy. To praise the faithfulness of love and the spirit of pursuing happiness.3. Four tragedies - , , & 4. tragicomedies：Achievement: A. exploring the characterss inner mind. soliloquy(独白) or monologue
11、 - fully reveal the inner conflict of the characters 大家论坛 3contrasts bring vividness to the charactersB. adroit（精巧的） plot constructionC. Irony is a good means of dramatic presentation. Disguise is an important device to create dramatic irony.D. the language.READING： 1. Sonnet 18 (14 line)eternal or
12、immortal（不朽的） beauty, have a faith in the permanence of poetry.A nice summers day is usually transient(短暂的), but the beauty in poetry can last for ever.2.excerpt from The Merchant of Veniceto praise the friendship between Antonio and Bassanio, to idealize Portia a heroine of great beauty, wit and lo
13、yalty, to expose the insatiable（不知足的） greed and brutality of the Jew.Double plot:(1) Bassanio ask Antonio for a loan so that he might marriage with Portia(2) Antonio borrow money from Shylock, the Jewish usurer. Shylock make a strange bond that requires Antonio to surrender a pound of his flesh if h
14、e fail to repay him within a certain period of time. Portia disguised as a young lawyer instructed to judge the case: Shylock can take his pound of flesh, but there is no mention of blood in the bond. Otherwise, his lands and goods will be confiscated(充公) according to he law of Venice.3Excerpt from
15、Hamlethesitate between fact and fiction, language and action, too sophisticated（复杂的）to degrade his nature to the conventional role of a stage revenger content: Hamlet, the prince, appearing in a mood of world-weariness（厌世） occasioned by his fathers death and his mothers hasty remarriage with Claudiu
16、s, his fathers brother. Hamlet is informed that Claudius has murdered his father and then taken over both his fathers throne and widow. Thus Hamlet is urged to seek revenge.Note: To be, or not to be - to live on in this world or to die; to suffer or to take action Francis Bacon philosopher, scientist, essayist, lay the foundation for modern scienceHis Essays is the first example of that
