《第七课 lucidity 最新0101213》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《第七课 lucidity 最新0101213（20页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、Comment LMT1: demandComment A2: Comment LMT3: demandComment LMT4: delicate Comment LMT5: A thought or an opinion resulting from such careful consideration.Comment LMT6: An implied meaningLucidity, Simplicity, EuphonyBy W. Somerset MaughamI have never had much patience with the writers who claim from
2、 the reader an effort to understand their meaning. You have only to go to the great philosophers 你只要读读大哲学家的著作就可以知道to see that it is possible to express with lucidity the most subtle reflections. A thought or an opinion resulting from such careful consideration. You may find it difficult to understan
3、d the thought of Hume, and if you have no philosophical training its implications will doubtless escape you; but no one with any education at all can fail to understand exactly what the meaning of each sentence is. Implications Something that is implied, especially: a. An indirect indication; a sugg
4、estion.b. An implied meaning; implicit significance.c. An inference. Socrates argued that a statue 雕像，塑像 inferred the existence of a sculptorFew people have written English with more grace than Berkeley. 贝克莱 (Irish prelateprelit高级教士 and philosopher of idealist philosophy), 贝克莱（George Berkeley ,16951
5、753） 近代西方主观唯心主义哲学的鼻祖，是英国唯心主义经验论心理学思想的主要代表，其空间知觉学说对心理学有重要贡献，影响马赫主义、实证主义，并促进联想主义心理学的发展。 grace: charm and elegance 优美, 雅致, 优雅There are two sorts of obscurity that you find in writers. One is due to negligence and the other to willfulness Willfulness 任性；故意: the trait of being prone to disobedience and l
6、ack of discipline negligence 粗心大意；忽视；疏忽: failure to act with the prudence that a reasonable person would exercise under the same circumstances . People often write obscurely because they have never taken the trouble to learn to write clearly. Have never been trained in writingThis sort of obscurity
7、you find too often in modern philosophers, in men of science, and even in literary critics. Here it is indeed strange. You would have thought that men who passed their lives in the study of the great masters of literature would be sufficiently sensitive to the beauty of language to write if not beau
8、tifully at least with perspicuity. Perspicuity n. 明白明晰；简明 The quality of being perspicuous; clarity simplicity and lucidity:Yet you will find in their works sentence after sentence that you must read twice to discover the sense. Must read twice to discover the sense : too obscure, ambiguous that req
9、uires repeated reading Often you can only guess at it, for writers have evidently not said what they intended. 词 不达意 the words fail to express the meaningThe words fail to express what is meant. The language cannot convey the ideas intended.*When they are all pronounced wrongly in a strange accent.A
10、nother cause of obscurity is that the writer is himself not quite sure of his meaning.He has a vague impression of what he wants to say, but has not, either from lack of mental power or from laziness, exactly formulated it in his mind and it is natural enough that he should not find a precise expres
11、sion for a confused idea. Brainstorming This is due largely to the fact that many writers think, not before, but as they write. The pen originates the thought.The disadvantage of this, and indeed it is a danger against which the author must be always on his guard, is that there is a sort of magic in
12、 the written word. 文字中有一种魔术般的东西 这句的正常顺序是 The disadvantage of this is that there is a sort of magic (charm, mesmerizing effect ) in the written word 指的是 The disadvantage of writing evasive 难以捉摸的 word ）is a danger against which the author must be always on his guard。 The idea acquires substance by tak
13、ing on a visible nature, and then stands in the way of its own clarification. The idea ,being written down, becomes substantial (something tangible, concrete)after it takes on a visible nature (it is written down)through language, and thus become an obstacle that further confused the author.But this
14、 sort of obscurity merges very easily into the willful.Willful: habitually disposed to 有.倾向的disobedience and opposition, by conscious design or purpose; intentional damage; a knowing attempt to defraud; a willful waste of time有意的；任性的；故意的Some writers who do not think clearly are inclined to suppose t
15、hat their thoughts have significance greater than at first sight appear. It is flattering 谄媚的；奉承的 , to believe that they are too profound to be expressed so clearly that all who run may read,那种以为自己的思想太深刻而不能清晰地得到表述进而无法使普通人理解的想法是能够满足人的虚荣心的。Flattering : To please or gratify the vanityHandwriting on the
16、 wall : Etymology 语源，语源学: based on a story in the Bible about Daniel, who reads the handwriting on the wall that predicts the end of the kingdom of BabylonThe writing on the wall 不祥之兆，灾难将降临的预兆；不祥之兆，凶兆，厄运降临的预兆 (or sometimes handwriting on the wall biblical allusion) is an expression that suggests a portent 前兆；of doom or misfortune. It originates in the Biblical book of Daniel - where supernatural wr
