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1、国际经济学基础考试重点总结英译汉&汉译英Basis for trade 贸易基础Gains from trade 贸易所得Pattern of trade 贸易模式Mercantilism 重商主义Absolute advantage 绝对优势Laissez-faire 自由放任Law of comparative advantage 比较优势理论Labor theory of value 劳动价值论Opportunity cost theory 机会成本理论Production possibility frontier 生产可能性曲线Constant opportunity costs 固定
2、机会成本Relative commodity prices 相对商品价格Complete specialization 完全专业化Small-country case 小国模型Increasing opportunity costs 机会成本递增Marginal rate of transformation 边际转换率Community indifference curve 社会无差异曲线Marginal rate of substitution 边际替代率Autarky 自给自足Equilibrium-relative commodity price isolation 孤立均衡的相对商品价
3、格Revealed comparative advantage 显示性比较优势Equilibrium-relative commodity price with trade 均衡相对商品价格Incomplete specialization 不完专业化Terms of trade 贸易条件Deindustrialization 去工业化Offer curve 供应条件曲线Reciprocal demand curve 相互需求曲线Heckscher-Ohlin theory 赫克俄林理论Heckscher-Ohlin theorem 赫克俄林定理Factor-proportions /fact
4、or endowment theory 要素禀赋理论Factor-price equalization theorem 要素价格均等化定理Stolper-Samuelson throrem 斯托尔珀-萨缪尔森定理Specific-factors model 特定要素模型Lenotief paradox 列昂惕夫之谜Increasing returns to scale 规模报酬递增International economic of scale 国际规模经济Differentiated products 差异化市场Intra-industry trade 产业内贸易Technological g
5、ap model 技术差距模型Product cycle model 产品周期模型Transportation coats 运输成本Nontraded goods and services 非贸易产品与服务Environmental standards 环境标准Monopolistic competition 垄断竞争Trade or commercial policies 贸易或商业政策Import tariff 进口关税Ad valorem tariff 从价税Specific tariff 从量税Compound tariff 混合关税Consumption effect of a ta
6、riff 关税的消费效应Production effect of a tariff 关税的生产效应Trade effect of a tariff 关税的贸易效应Revenue effect a tariff 关税的收入效应Consumer surplus 消费者剩余Rent or producer surplus 租金或生产者剩余Protection cost or deadweight loss of a tariff 关税的保护成本或净损失Terms of trade effect of a tariff 关说的贸易条件效应Optimum tariff 最优关税Prohibitive t
7、ariff 禁止性关说Nominal tariff 名义关税Rate of effective protection 有效保护率Quota 配额Nontariff trade barriers 非关税壁垒New protectionism 新保护主义Voluntary export restraints 自动出口限制Technical, administrative, and other regulations 技术、行政和其他法规调控International cartel 国际卡特尔Dumping 倾销Persistent dumping 持续性倾销Predatory dumping 掠夺
8、性倾销Sporadic dumping 偶然性倾销Trigger-price mechanism 触发价格机制Export-Import Bank 进出口银行Foreign Sales Corporations 外国销售公司Countervailing duties 反补贴税Scientific tariff 科学关税Infant-industry argument 幼稚工业观点Strategic trade policy 战略性贸易政策Industrial policy 产业政策Most-favored-nation principle 最惠国原则Bilateral trade 双边贸易Ge
9、neral Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关税总协定Multilateral trade negotiations 多边贸易谈判Escape clause 豁免条款Export subsidies 出口补贴Economic integration 经济一体化Preferential trade arrangements 特惠贸易协定Free trade area 自由贸易区Customs union 关税同盟Common market 共同市场Economic union 经济联盟Duty-free zones or free economic zones 免税
10、区或自由经济区Trade creation 贸易创造Trade diversion 贸易转移Tariff factories 关税工厂Trade deflection 贸易偏转Bulk purchasing 大量采购Interdependence 相互依存International trade theory 国际贸易理论International trade policy 国际贸易政策Balance of payments 国际收支平衡表Foreign exchange markets 外汇市场Adjustment in the balance of payments 国际收支失衡调整Micr
11、oeconomics 微观Macroeconomics 宏观Open-economy macroeconomics 宏观开放经济学International finance 国际金融Globalization 全球化Anti-globalization movement 反全球化运动Balanced growth 平衡增长Engine of growth 增长动力Regions of recent settlement 新居民地Vent for surplus 剩余出口Endogenous growth theory 内生型增长理论Income terms of trade 贸易收入条件Imm
12、iserizing growth 贫困化增长Export instability 出口波动Buffer stocks 缓冲库存储备Export controls 出口管制Purchase contracts 购货合同Import-substitution industrialization (ISI) 进口替代工业化Export-oriented industrialization 出口导向工业化Foreign debt 外债Brazil, Russia, India, China (BRICs) 金砖国家Portfolio investment 间接投资Direct investments
13、直接投资Portfolio theory 资产组合理论Risk diversification 风险分散化Horizontal integration 横向一体化Vertical integration 纵向一体化Multinational corporations (MNCs) 跨国公司Transfer pricing 转移定价Brain drain 人才流失名词解释Pattern of tradeThe commodities exported and imported by each nation.Laissez-faireThe policy of minimum government
14、 interference in or regulation of economic activity, advocated by Adam Smith and other classical economists.Opportunity cost theoryThe theory that the cost of a commodity is the amount of a second commodity that must be given up to release just enough resources to produce one more unit of the first
15、commodity.Complete specializationThe utilization of all of a nations resources in the production of only one commodity with trade. This usually occurs under constant costs.Increasing opportunity costsThe increasing amounts of one commodity that a nation must give up to release just enough resources
16、to produce each additional unit of another commodity. This is reflected in a production frontier that is concave from the origin.AutarkyThe absence of trade ,or isolation.Incomplete specialization The continued production of both commodities in both nations with increasing costs, even in a small nation with trade.Terms of trade The ratio of the index prince of a nations export to its import commodities.DeindustrializationThe decline in the relative importance of manufacturing
