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1、2013 级二上四级新题型训练12013 级二上四级新题型训练（四）Section A Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage. The typical pre-industrial family not only had a good many children, but numerous other dependents as well- grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousins. Such “extended” families were suited for survival in
2、 slow paced _36_ societies. But such families are hard to_37_ . They are immobile. Industrialism demanded masses of workers ready and able to move off the land in pursuit of jobs, and to move again whenever necessary. Thus the extended family _38_ shed its excess weight and the so- called “nuclear”
3、family emerged a stripped-down, portable family unit _39_ only of parents and a small set of children.This new style of family, far more_40_ than the traditional extended family, became the standard model in all the industrial countries. Super-industrialism, however, the next stage of eco-technologi
4、cal development, _41_ even higher mobility. Thus we may expect many among the people of the future to carry the streamlining process, a step further by remaining children, cutting the family down to its more _42_components, a man and a woman. Two people, perhaps with matched careers, will prove more
5、 efficient at navigating through education and social status, through job changes and geographic relocations, than the ordinarily child-cluttered family. A _43_ maybe the postponement of children, rather than childlessness. Men and women today are often torn in _44_ between a commitment to career an
6、d a commitment to children. In the future, many_45_ will side aside this problem by deferring the entire task of raising children until after retirement.A) transplant B) solution C) gradually D) transport E) elementalF) conflict G) continually H) mobile I) couples J) agricultural K) including L) com
7、promise M) requires N) primary O) consistingSection B TV Linked to Lower MarksA) The effect of television on children has been debated ever since the first sets were turned on. Now three new studies find that too much tube time can lower test scores, retard learning and even predict college performa
8、nce. The reports appear in the July issue of the Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine.B) In the first report, researchers studied the effect that having a TV in a childs bedroom can have on third graders. “We looked at the household media environment 2013 级二上四级新题型训练2in relation to academic a
9、chievement on mathematics, reading and language arts tests,” said study author Dina L.G. Borzekowski, an assistant professor at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.C) Borzekowski and her colleague, Dr. Thomas Robinson of Stanford University, collected data on 386 third graders and their
10、parents about how much TV the children watched, the number of TV sets, computers and video game consoles in the household and where they were. They also collected data on how much time the children spent using the different media, as well as the time spent doing homework and reading. The researchers
11、 found that the media in the household, where it is and how it is used can have a profound effect on learning. “We found that the household media environment has a very close association with performance on the different test scores,” Borzekowski said.D) “A child who has a TV in his or her bedroom i
12、s likely to have a score that is eight points lower on a mathematics test compared to a child who doesnt have a TV in the bedroom,” she noted. These children also scored lower on the reading and language arts tests. However, children who have access to a home computer are likely to have higher score
13、s on each of the tests compared with children who dont have access to a home computer, Borzekowski noted.E) The reasons why TV has this negative effect are not clear, Borzekowski said. “When theres TV in the bedroom, parents are less likely to have control over the content and the amount watched,” B
14、orzekowski said. “They are also unable to know how early or how late the set is on. This seems to be associated with kids performance on academic tests.” Borzekowski believes that content and the time the TV is on may be the primary reasons for its negative effect. “If the TV is in the family room,
15、then parents can see the content of what children are watching,” she said. “Parents can choose to sit alongside and watch, or turn the set off. A simple and straightforward, positive parenting strategy is to keep the TV out of the childs bedroom, or remove it if its already there.”F) In the second r
16、eport, Dr. Robert J. Hancox from the University of Otago in Dunedin, New Zealand, and colleagues found, regardless of your intelligence or social background, if you watch a lot of TV during childhood, you are a lot less likely to have a college degree by your mid-20s. In their study, the researchers followed 1,037 people born in 1972 and 1973. Every two years, between the ages of 5 and 15, they were asked how
