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1、峨眉山英文导游词The Spread of the BuddhismMt.Emei is one of the four famous mountainsin China. It lies about 168km from Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan Province. Before the tour of the holy mountain, it is important to obtain some inforation about the spread of Buddhism in China, Buddhism in Mt. Emei and it
2、s hiking routes.Buddhism was founded in India around the 16th century BC. It is said that the founder was Sakyamuni. Sskyua was the name of the clan to which his family belonged. Sakyamuni was a prince and was brought up in luxury. In his 20s, he became discontented with the world. Every day he had
3、to face with sights of sickness, death and old age since the body was inescapably involved with disease, decrepitude and death. Around the age of 30 he made his break from the material world and plunged off in search of enlightenment.Sakyamuni began by studying Hindu philosophy and Yoga. Then he joi
4、ned a band of ascetics and tried to break the power of his body by inflicting severe austerities on himself. However, no matter how he held his breath until his head burst and starved his body until his ribs jutted out, he failed to enlighten himself. Finally Sakyamuni followed the principle of the
5、middle way in which he would live between the extremities of asceticism on one hand and indulgence on the other. As the story goes, he devoted the final phase of his search for enlightenment to meditation and mystic concentration. One evening he sat beneath a fig tree, slipped into a deep meditation
6、 and achieved enlightenment from his mystic concentration.1.Right knowledgeBuddhist followers should believe that all life is suffering. It is caused by the desire for personal gratification.2.Right AspirationBuddhist followers should becomw passionately involved with the knowledge of what lifes pro
7、blems basically are.3.Right SpeechBuddhist followers shousd avoid lies, idle talk, abuse,alander and deceit.4.Right BehaviorBuddhist followers should show kindness and avoid self-seeking and personal fulfillment in all actions.5.Right Livelihood Buddha considers spiritual progress impossible if one
8、has occupied himself/herself with slave-dea-ling or prostitution.6.Right EffortThe effort os the will to develip virtues and curb paddion.7.Right MindfulnessBuddhist followers should practise self-exami-nation and cultivate themselves to overcome the state of semi-alertness and become aware of what
9、os happwning to them.8.Right AbsorptionThe absorption involves the techniques of Hinduisms raja yoga and leads to the same goal.By following the eight fokd pah, Buddhist followers aims to attain Nirvana, a condition beyond the limits of the mind, feelings, thoughts, the will and ecstasy. Buddhism ac
10、cepts the concept of reincarnation, the circle of rebirth; it accepts the law of cause and effort.Buddhism has many sects, of which the Mahayana and the hinayana are two major schools. The Mahayana holds that the fate of the individual is linked to the fate of all others. The Buddha wont float off i
11、nto his own Nirvana leaving other peope behind. He not ony shows the people the way up into their Nirvana, but also continues to exude spiritual help to those seeking Nirvana. The Hinayana holds that the path to Nirvana is an individual purauit. People who seek Nirvana must tread the path to Nirvana
12、 on their own.Mahayana Buddhism is generally believed to have been ntroduced into regions inhabited by the Han people around the first century A.D.In the Wei and Jin Dynasties(220-420) it spread to a fairly large part of the country. During the Southern anB Northern Dynasties(420-589) the ruling cla
13、dd furthered the dissemination of Buddhism. More temples and monasteries were built; Buddhist scriptures were translated. The influence of Buddhism was felt everywhere across the conutry. By the Sui and Tang Dynasties(581-907) Buddhism had reached its apex of popularity and splendor.Buddhism gradual
14、ly took root in the Chinese soiety, having adapted considerably to Chinese ways of thinking and practice. As the most influential religion in China, Buddhism has an impact on Chinese philosophy, morality, literature, art and many other foelds.Buddhism in Mt.EmeiIt is almost two thousand years since
15、Buddhism was introduced from India. Its monasteries covers everywhere in China except a few Daoist mountains like Mt. Qingcheng. It is commonly said that Buddhist monks have occupied much mote well-known mountains for their Buddhist ptrpose than Daoist priests. However, most of Buddhist followers bw
16、liwvw that only the fotr famous mountains in China are the Buddhist holy places. They are Mt. Wmei in Sichuan, Mt. Putuo in Zhejiang, Mt. Wuta in Shaanxi and Jiuhua in Anhui. Each mountain is dedicated to different Bodhisattvas. In Chinese Bodhisattva usually is referred as pusa, a potential Buddha, who has achieved perfect enlightenment and decided to bring salvation to all suffering creatures before entering into Nirvana. Therefore, each Bodhisattva has his own ritual
