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1、Key Terms直接考定义、定义加 content、只考相关 contentConsumer products 1 消费品Capital and intermediate goods 1 资本物品/中间物品Added value 1 2014 附加值Entrepreneur 2 企业家Social enterprise 3 2015 社会企业Primary sector 6 2015 第一产业Secondary sector 6 第二产业Tertiary sector 6 第三产业Private sector 7 私人部门/私营企业Public sector 7 2015 公共部门 Priv
2、atisation 8 私有化Internal growth 15 2015 内部成长External growth 15 外部成长Corporate aim 20 公司宗旨Corporate objectives 20 2015 公司经营目标Mission statement 20 实名陈述Divisional/Departmental objectives 20 分部门目标Strategies 20 策略Management by objectives 21 目标管理Ethics 22 2014 企业道德规范Ethical code 22 2014 企业道德章程Stakeholder 25
3、 2015 利益相关者Stakeholder concept 25 Corporate social responsibility (CSR) 27 2015 2014 企业社会责任Social audit 28 社会责任审核Information technology 33 IT 信息技术Computer Aided Design(CAD) 33 计算机辅助设计Computer Aided Manufacturing(CAM) 33 计算机辅助制造Environmental audit 34 环境审核Pressure group 34 环境压力团体（环保组织）Economic growth
4、38 经济增长Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 38 国内生产总值Business cycle 38 经济周期/ 商业周期Recession 38 经济衰退Income elasticity of demand 38 收入需求弹性Inflation 38 2014 通货膨胀Unemployment 38 失业Cyclical unemployment 38 周期性失业Structural unemployment 38 结构性失业Frictional unemployment 38 摩擦性失业Fiscal policy 39 财政政策Monetary policy 39
5、 货币政策Exchange rate 40 汇率Exchange rate appreciation 40 汇率升值Exchange rate depreciation 40 汇率贬值Manager 44 2015 经理Leadership 45 2015 领导力Workers representative 45 工人代表Leadership style 46 2014 领袖风格Autocratic leadership 46 专制型领导Laissez-faire leadership 46 放任式领导Democratic leadership 46 民主式领导Theory X manager
6、s 46 2014 X 理论型管理者Theory Y managers 46 2014 Y 理论型管理者Informal leadership 47 非正式性领导Emotional intelligence (EI) 47 2015 情商Motivation 49 2014 动机Self-actualisation 50 自我实现Job enrichment 51 职务丰富化（深度）Hygiene factors 51 Motivating facors (motivators) 51 激发因素Valence 51 Expectancy 51 期望Instrumentality 51 Hour
7、ly wage rate 52 计时工资Piece rate 52 计件工资Salary 52 薪资Commission 52 销售提成Performance-related pay 52 绩效工资Profit sharing 52 利润分成Job rotation 53 轮岗Job enlargement 53 职务扩大化（广度）Job enrichment 53 职务丰富化（深度）Job redesign 53 职务再设计Quality circles 53 工人互助会/小组Worker participation 53 工作参与Team working 53 2014 团队化工作Huma
8、n Resource Management 55 2015 2014 人力资源管理Hard HRM 55 Soft HRM 55Workforce planning 56 2015 2014 劳动力使用规划Workforce audit 56 劳动力审查/考核Recruitment 57 2015 招聘Job description 57 职位描述 Person specification 57 岗位具体要求Training 57 培训On-the -job training 57 在岗培训（岗位内培训）Induction training 57 入职培训Staff appraisal 57
9、工作评定Dismissal 58 解雇Unfair dismissal 58 不当解聘Redundancy 58 人员冗余Employment contract 59 劳动合同Temporary employment contract 59 短期/固定期劳动合同Part-time contract 59 兼职合同Flexi-time contract 59 弹性劳动合同（可伸缩劳动时间）Outsourcing 59 外包Trade union 64 工会Trade union recognition 65 雇方与工会的谈判Single union agreement 65 雇方只与一个工会谈判
10、No-strike agreement 65 非罢工性协商Industrial action 65 工会措施Conciliation 65 劳动调解（第三方）Arbitration 65 劳动仲裁Level of hierarchy 68 工作层级Chain of command 68 指令链条Span of control 68 组织层级Matrix structure 69 矩阵结构Delegation 70 2015 授权Centralisation 70 集权Decentralisation 70 权力下放（分权）Line managers 71 基层经理（直线管理人员）Satff m
11、anagers 71 人事经理Delayering 71 去层级化Effective communication 75 有效沟通Communication media 75 沟通媒介Communication barriers 76 沟通障碍One way 76 单向传达（群发式）Two way 76 双向沟通Marketing 80 2015 营销Consumer markets 80 2014 消费品市场Industrial market 80 工业品市场Marketing objectives 81 市场目标Market orientation 82 市场定位Product orient
12、ation 82 产品定位Asset led marketing 82 资产主导营销Societal marketing 82 社会营销Demand 82 需求Supply 82 供给Equilibrium price 82 均衡价格Market size 83 市场规模Market growth 83 市场规模增长率Market share 83 2015 市场份额Market share% 83 市场份额百分比Niche marketing 84 2014 细分市场Mass marketing 84 2015 大众市场Market segmentation 85 2014 市场划分Mark
13、et segment 85 市场分区Consumer profile 85 消费者概况Market research 88 2014 市场调查Primary research 88 第一手调查Secondary research 88 第二手调查Qualitative research 88 定性调查Quantitative research 88 定量调查Focus group 89 目标群体Sample 89 抽样Random sample 89 随机抽样Systematic sample 89 系统抽样Stratified sampling 89 分层抽样Quota sampling 8
14、9 定额抽样Cluster sampling 89 分组抽样Open questions 90 开放式问题Closed questions 90 封闭式问题Range 92 区间范围Interquartile range 92 四分间距Marketing mix 94 2015 2014 销售计划Customer relationship marketing 95 客户关系营销Product life cycle 96 产品生命周期Price Elasticity of Demand(PED) 96 2015 需求价格弹性Promotion 101 促销Above the line promo
15、tion 101 2015 线上推广Below the line promotion 101 2015 线下推广Promotion mix 101 推广手段组合Advertising 101 2015 广告Sales promotion 101 2015 促销Promotional budget 102 促销预算Viral marketing 103 病毒式营销Channel of distribution 104 分销渠道Integrated marketing mix 104 整合营销组合Marketing plan 107 营销计划AIDA(Attention-Interest-Desire-Action) 109 艾达公式DAGMAR(Defining Advertising Goal for Measured Advertising Results) 109 广告效果评估体系New Product Development(NPD) 109 新产品开发Generate new product ideas 110 产生新产品创意Idea screening 110 创意筛选Concept development and testing 110 概念开发和测试Business
