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1、牛津高中英语语法复习：被动语态牛津高中英语语法复习：被动语态语态(Vie)，作为一个语法范畴，是表示主语和动词之间的主动或被动关系的动词行式。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态(Ative Vie)和被动语态(Passive Vie)。当主语为动作执行者即施动者时，动词用主动态；如果主语是动作的承受者即受动者时，动词便用被动态。例如：(1) hn helped Peter(2) Peter as helped b hn句(1) helped 是主动态；句(2)as helped 是被动态,可见主动态是无标记的，而被动态是有标记的。构成被动语态由助动词 be 的时态之一和及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语
2、态可用于各种时态，其时态变化通过助动词 be 的不同形式体现。如：一般现在时的被动态构成形式为助动词 a/is/are + 过去分词；而一般过去时的被动态构成形式为 as/ere + 过去分词。本册要掌握的被动语态形式有：一般现在时：a/is/are + 过去分词 eg Ftball is plaed all ver the rldI ften ased t d this r 我常常被派做这项工作。一般过去时：as/ere +过去分词 eg The terratta arrirs ere fund in 1974 near Xian The ere disvered b rers in a f
3、ield utside the ithen as the building pleted? 这座大楼什么时候建成的？一般将时：ill (shall) + be +过去分词be ging t + be + 过去分词eg The result f the exa ill be nn snThe are ging t be given a diffiult test一般过去将时：shuld(uld) be+过去分词eg The teaher said the results uld be published sn He tld e that the fil uld be shn the next e
4、e现在进行时：a/is/are + being +过去分词eg The ne airprt is being built b a freign pan 一家外国公司正在承建这座新机场。The sng is being sung b the girls n过去进行时：as/ere being+ 过去分词eg The sng as being sung b the girls hen I gt thereThe student as being ritiized hen I ent int the teahers ffie将完成时：ill have been+过去分词eg B the end f
5、next ter 2000 English rds ill have been learnedThe building ill have been built b next ear现在完成时：has/have + bee n + 过去分词eg All the tiets have been sld The b has been translated int an languages这本书已被译成多种语言。过去完成时：had been+过去分词eg Frt shls had been visited b last earAll the tiets had been sld ut hen I gt
6、 t the inea过去将完成时：uld have been+ 过去分词eg He said an rds uld have been learned b 2001The prised that ten bs uld have been published b the next nth情态动词：情态动词 + be + 过去分词 eg This rad ust be endedThe ahine parts a be needed in ur r工作中可能需要这些机器零部。动词不定式：t be + 过去分词eg I glad t be ased questinsIt is ipssible f
7、r lst tie t be ade up失去的时间不可弥补。主要用法被动态常用于下列几种场合：1当不知道或不必提出动作的执行者时（这时都不带由 b 引起的短语） ；Printing as intrdued int Eurpe fr hina 印刷术是从中国引入欧洲的。The airplane as ade in US Suh bs are ritten fr hildren 这种书是为儿童写的。2 动作的承受者是谈话的中心（这时可带有由 b 引起的短语） ；The sng as psed b a student 这首歌曲是一个学生谱写的。Thusands f rivers are pllut
8、ed in the untr3 出于礼貌措词等原因而不愿说出动作执行者是谁。u are requested t get here in tie请您准时这儿。带行为主体的被动态行为主体就是动作的执行者，即执行动词所表达的动作的人或物。在被动句中，往往不提及行为主体；但当强调动作的执行者时，可用介词 b 引出行为( b +主体行为主体),置于被动态句的末尾，说明是什么人或物应对有关事负责。eg The village as destred b a bb 这个村庄毁于炸弹。The painting is ver valuable It as painted b Van Ggh这幅画很值钱，它是梵 高
9、画的。其它用法补充1“It + 被动语态+ that 从句”。表示谨慎或不太肯定的语气。常用于该结构的动词有：sa, thin, believe, agree, expet, nsider, feel, n, deide, reprt, suggest, prve 等。eg It is said that pries ill rise again this nth据说本月物价还将上涨。It is thught that abut a illin dgs are brn eah ear据认为每年约有一百条狗出生。It is reprted that all the passengers died in the rash据报导所有乘客在那次飞机坠毁中遇难。It is agreed that e ill have t ees hlida this ear2 用于通告标题广告等的被动态往往省去助动词 be。eg N hinese spen hereShes repaired Faus Painting Stlen 名画被盗。
