《考研英语句子成分(打印版)》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《考研英语句子成分(打印版)（11页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、英语句子成分详解句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的，表达一个完整的意义。一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语、同位语等。一主语：主语(subject) 是一个句子的主题( theme)， 是句子所述说的主体、对象。它的位置一般在一句之首。可用作主语的有一个单词、短语、从句乃至句子。1名词作主语。 如：A tree has fallen across the road. (一棵树倒下横在路上。)Little streams feed big rivers. ( 小河流入大江。)2代词用作主语。如：He told a j
2、oke but it fell flat. (他说了个笑话，但没有引人发笑)Everybody enjoyed themselves on vacation. 假期里大家都过得很愉快。3数词用作主语。如：Three is enough. 三个就够了。Four from seven leaves three. 7 减 4 余 3。4名词化的形容词用作主语。The old and the young are taken good care of in that village.5副词用作主语(极少见)。如：Now is the time. 现在是时候了。6名词化的介词作主语。如：The ups a
3、nd downs of life must be taken as they come.我们必须承受人生之沉浮。7不定式用作主语。 如：To find your way can be a problem.你能否找到路可能是一个问题。It is impossible to defeat a person who never gives up.要打败一个永不放弃的人是不可能的。8 动名词用作主语。如：Smoking is bad for you. 吸烟对你有害。Watching a film is pleasure, while making one is hard work. 看电影是乐事,制作
4、影片则是苦事.9 名词化的过去分词用作主语。如：The disabled are to receive more money.残疾人将得到更多的救济金。 The unemployed got much help from the government.10. 介词短语用作主语。如：To Beijing is not very far. 到北京不很远。From Yenan to Nanniwan was a three-hour ride on horseback.从延安到南泥湾骑马要三个小时。11. 从句用作主语。如:That he finished writing the compositi
5、on in such a short time surprised us all.Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.Who will be our monitor hasnt been decided yet.What caused the accident has been found out.Whatever you did is right.What we need is time.为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语 it 放在主语位置，真正主语(从句)搁置于句末 It is certain that h
6、e will win the match.It is strange that he should do that.It is important that we all should attend the meeting.It is still a mystery what caused the accident.It is said that he has gone to shanghai.It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese.It is suggested that the wor
7、k should be done with great care.It seems that he has seen the film.It happened that the two cheats were there.12.句子用作主语。如：“How do you do ?” is a greeting.“你好”是一句问候语。二谓语谓语(predicate) 或谓语动词(predicate verb)是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，其位置一般在主语之后。谓语由简单动词或动词短语（助动词或情态动词主要动词）构成。1由简单的动词构成。(1). What happened? 发生了什么事
8、？(2). He worked hard all day today. 他今天苦干了一天。(3). The plane took off at ten oclock. 飞机是十点起飞的。2由动词短语构成的谓语。(1). I am reading. 我在看书。(2). You can do it if you try hard. 你努力就可以做到。(3). Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday.汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。3英语常用某些动作名词代替表动态的谓语动词，表生动。这种动
9、作名词之前常用没有多大意义的动词 have, get, take, give 等。如：(1). I had a swim yesterday. 我昨天游了一次水（had a swim 代替了 swam）(2). Take a look at that! 你看看那个！（take a look 代替了 look）(3). He gave a sigh. 他叹了口气。（gave a sigh 代替了 sighed）(4). I got a good shake-up.我受到了很大的震动。（a good shake-up 代替了 was shaken up thoroughly(充分，彻底的)）谓语是
10、句子的灵魂，谓语的变化可以反映：时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等，这也是高中语法最重要的内容。三表语表语的功能是表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。它也可以说是一种主语补语。它位于联系动词之后，与之构成所谓的系表结构。在系表结构钟，联系动词只是形式上的谓语，二真正起谓语作用的则是表语。可以作表语的词有：名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句等。1The wedding was that Sunday. 婚礼是在那个星期天举行的。（名词）2So thats that. 就是这样。（代词）3We are seven. 我们一共 7 人。（数词）4Are you busy? 你有
11、空吗？（形容词）5Are you there? 你在听吗？（电话用语）（副词）Is anybody in? 里面有人吗？ （副词）6All I could do was to wait. 我只能等待。（不定式）My answer to his threat was to hit him on the nose.我对他的威胁的回答是照他的鼻子打去。（不定式）7Seeing is believing. 百闻不如一见 /眼见为实（动名词）8I was so much surprised at it. 我对此事感到很惊讶。（过去分词）Im very pleased with what he has d
12、one. 我对他所做的很满意。（过去分词）9She is in good health. 她很健康。（介词短语）The show is from seven till ten. 演出时间为 7 点至 10 点。（介词短语）10Is that why you were angry? 这就是你发怒的原因吗？（从句）11This is where I first met her. 这就是我初次与她会面的地方。（从句）12. The reason why he didnt come to school is that he got ill.他没有来上学的原因是他生病了。13. What I want
13、is what he has got.补充：除了系动词 be 外，还有些能做系动词的实义动词，也称为半系动词，其后也要接形容词做表语： come , go , run, turn ,get , become , keep , stay , make (表变化的动词)fell，sound ,smell , look , taste （感观动词）seem, appear (似乎，好像)例如：1Our dream has come true. 我的梦想实现了。（Come 后常加 easy , loose, natural 等）2. He fell sick. 他病了。3. Keep fit.保重。
14、Keep 作为系动词还常接 quiet ，calm ，cool，warm ，silent，clean，dry3The well ran dry. 这口井干枯了。（short , loose , wild , cold 等）4A thin person always seems to be taller than he really is.一个瘦个子似乎比他的实际高度要高些。四宾语宾语（object）在句中主要充当动作、行为、活动的对象、接受者或受影响者。因此一般皆置于及物动词之后。如：Our team beat all the others. 我们的球队打败了所有其他球队。可以用作宾语的有：名
15、词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、名词化的分词、从句等。1Do you fancy a drink? 你想喝一杯吗？（名词）2They wont hurt us. 他们不会伤害我们。（代词）3If you add 5 to 5, you get 10. 5 加 5 等于 10。（数词）。4I shall do my possible. 我将尽力而为。（名词化形容词）5He left there last week. 他上个星期离开了那里。（副词）6Does she really want to leave home? 她真的要离开家吗？（不定式）7. We do not a
16、llow / permit smoking in the kitchen. 我们不允许在厨房里吸烟。(动名词)8He never did the unexpected. 他从不做使人感到意外的事。（名词化的分词）9Do you understand what I mean? 你明白我的意思吗？（从句）10. He told me that he would go to the college the next year. 他告诉我他明年上大学11. I dont know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车.12. Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.没人知道他是否会通过考试.13. Do you know who has won Red Alert game? 你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏？14. Have you determined wh
