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1、Unit 11. The full name of Britain is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.2. The UK is made up of England , Scotland ,Wales and Northern Ireland.Q: What are the three most descriptive words you associate most with British people? Reserved ， modest ， humorousUnit 21. Queen Elizabe
2、th is “Defender of the faith”, because she is the supreme governor of Church of England and defends the freedom of the faith.她是英国教会的最高统治者，捍卫信仰自由2. The executive power is in the hands of Prime Minister.3. Nicknames of the kings or queens: Mary , Elizabeth, Richard , Edward , William Mary - Bloody Mar
3、y （Because of the numbers of protestants executives）Elizabeth- Virgin Queen （Because she never married.）Richard -the “lion heart” （Because he was famous for his exploits in the third Crusade.）Edward -long shanks（because he had long legs）William -the conqueror（he was the victor at the Battle of Hasti
4、ng）Q: What are the queens state functions? The Queen approves the appointment of Ministers and the formation of a cabinet.女王批准任命部长，并组建内阁 The Queen summons Parliament and introduces the session with a speech from the Throne in which she summarizes the governments program.女王召唤议会并用一场演讲介绍政府计划 The Queen
5、gives her assent to Bills before they become law.法案成为法律之前要得到女王的同意 The Queen concludes treaties and declares war , makes appointments to all offices of State and Church , dismiss Parliament when the government has been defeated or has reached the end of its term , and chooses a new Prime Minister.宣布战
6、争 The Queen is informed and consulted on every aspect of national life.关心国民生活 The Queen signs documents and receives ambassadors and important visitors from abroad.外交Unit 31. The constitution: statue laws, common laws and conventions.statue laws : passed by Parliamentcommon laws : be established thr
7、ough common practice in the courtsconventions : which are rules and practices which do not exist legally , but are nevertheless regarded as vital to the workings of government.2. The parliament today consist s of the Queen, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.3. Life peers: the Lords have be
8、en appointed by the sovereign , at the suggestion of the Prime Minister.上议院由君主任命 ,在总理的建议4. MP: the member of Parliament who is elected by and represents an electoral district of Britain known as a constituency.由选举产生的议会议员，代表英国的一个选区，被称为选区5. Political party: Conservative Party , Labor Party Conservativ
9、e Party: Margaret Thatcher (the iron lady)Labor Party: Tony BlairUnit 6Q: How do students in Oxford and Cambridge study? What do you think of their method?Students at Oxford and Cambridge do not usually attend daily lectures and labs. Everyone studies either independently or in small groups guided b
10、y weekly sessions with a tutor. Tutors assign weekly essays or short projects to track student progress. After three years, all students take exams and write research papers. A faculty committee decides if they have learned enough to graduate.在牛津和剑桥的学生通常不参加日常的讲座和实验室。每个人都在独立或小组的指导下，每周与导师指导的会议。导师分配每周的
11、论文或短的项目来跟踪学生的进步。三年后，所有的学生参加考试和写研究论文。由教师委员会决定他们是否能够毕业。Unit 81. Two kinds of daily papers: the quality press 质量新闻, the gutter press 低级报刊.Q: What are the major difference between “the quality press” and “the gutter press”?The quality press carry more serious and in-depth articles of particular politica
12、l and social importance. They also carry reviews and feature articles about high culture and will generally be read by a well-educated ,middle class audience.质量新闻进行更认真和深入的文章，特别是政治和社会的重要性。他们还进行了高文化的评论和功能的文章，通常会被一个受过良好教育的中产阶级观众阅读The gutter press deal in scandals and gossip, usually about famous people
13、 ,whether in politics, sports or entertainment, and carry lots of crime , sports and sensational human interest stories . The stories are short , easy to read and often rely more on opinion than fact.新闻报道中的丑闻和八卦新闻，通常是名人，无论是在政治、体育或娱乐，并进行大量的犯罪，体育和轰动的人类利益的故事。故事很短，很容易阅读，往往比事实更依赖于意见。2. BBC(P77)The Britis
14、h Broadcasting Corporation-more familiarly known as the BBC or even the Beeb-is Britains main public service broadcaster. It was founded in1927 as a public service radio station, and later moved into TV. The BBC is funded by license fees and viewers must buy a license each year for their TV set. The
15、 international arm of the BBC is the BBC World Service , which broadcasts in English and 43 other languages throughout the world.英国国家广播公司俗称英国广播公司甚至“处理”是英国主要的公共服务广播。它成立于 1927 年作为一种公共服务广播站，后来搬到电视。英国广播公司是由许可费和观众的资金必须购买一个许可证，每年为他们的电视机。英国广播公司的国际部门是英国广播公司的世界服务，它在世界各地的英语和其他 43 种语言广播Unit 13England: Guy Fawk
16、es DayNovember 5to celebrate the preservation of the British monarchy and ParliamentScotland: Hogmanay - the New Years Eve to welcome the coming of the New Year Burns Supper25th Januaryto celebrate their beloved national poet Robert BurnsNorthern England: St.Patricks Day-March 17to celebrate the birthday of the patron saint of Ireland. (The shamrock is a popular symbol to wear )Wales: the Eisteddfod-
