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1、1. IntroductionThe study on metaphor has a history of more than two thousand years. Since Lakoff and Johnson (1980) explore a new way for the study on metaphor from the perspective of cognitive linguistic, many Chinese scholars in various fields have made researches on the translation of English met
2、aphor. Some scholars pay attention to translation of English metaphor in literature, such as in plays, poems, novels and so on. Some scholars are concerned about the translation of English metaphor in economy and politics. Others focus on translation of English metaphor in science and technology. Th
3、is thesis explores the methods for translating English metaphor based on the analysis of difficulties existed in translating English metaphor. Translation of English metaphor will be helpful to English learners to understand, appreciate English metaphors and flexibly apply them to daily life. It als
4、o will promote exchange and cooperation between China and the foreign countries. 1.1 Definition of metaphorThe word “metaphor” comes from the Greek word “metaphora”, “meta” means “change” and “pherein” has the meaning of “carry”, “metaphors means “a transfer of meaning”. The combined word refers to
5、a particular linguistic process, through which the characteristics of a certain object could be transferred to another one, in the effect that the second object could be taken as the first one (Lin, 2007). Ox ford advanced learners English-Chinese dictionary (2009) defines metaphor as “a word or phr
6、ase used to describe somebody or something else, in a way that is different from its normal use, in order to show that the two things have the same qualities and to make the description more powerful”. In other words, metaphor is a figure of speech that refers to a comparison between two basically d
7、ifferent objects but have something in common in some connotations. 1.2 The essence of metaphorMetaphor is one of the most common linguistic phenomenons. The traditional rhetoric regards metaphor just as the transference of a word from one thing to another, which both was comparison (Shi, 2007). The
8、ir views are concerned about the literal meaning of words, not the sentences. Many scholars in western have made researches on metaphor from various perspectives and levels since 1970s. Metaphor is not only a language phenomenon, but also a way of thinking of human beings, and that metaphors are per
9、vasive in our everyday life (Richards 1936, p.72). Lakoff and Johnson (1980) explore a new way for the study on metaphor from the perspective of cognitive linguistic. They believe that metaphor is the principle and basic mode of human existence. And they claim that our ordinary conceptual system, in
10、 terms of which we both think and act, is fundamentally metaphorical in nature. (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980, p.3)In short, metaphor, as one of the most common linguistic phenomena, is a very important component of English language. It is a cognitive activity of peoples interpreting and understanding exp
11、eriences in one field through those in another (Shu, 2000, p.28). Therefore, it is significant to explore translation of English metaphor into Chinese. The methods for translating English metaphor can contribute to English learners in China to understand, appreciate and use them in daily lives. In a
12、ddition, they can also promote successful cross-cultural communication.2 The necessity for translation of English metaphorMetaphor is not only a figure of speech, but also a kind of cognitive thinking as well as the bridge between language and cognition. As a result, translation of English metaphor
13、can help English learners to understand English language better. In addition, many English metaphors carry the rich western culture, so translation of English metaphor can help us to understand their culture better and make a successful cross-cultural communication.2.1 Translation of English metapho
14、r can help English learners to improve their English study.Vocabulary, as a very important part of learning language, plays a significant role in the process of learning English. English metaphor, as a bond of English language, plays an indispensable part in the process of learning vocabulary. There
15、fore, translation of English metaphor can help English learners to improve their vocabularies, especially the English beginners.In China, most of students adopt the method of learning by note to learn English vocabulary, which leads to be unable to use vocabularies flexibly in communication or in wr
16、iting. Metaphor is a cognitive activity of peoples interpreting and understanding experiences in one field through those in another (Shu, 2000, p.28). From this point of view, metaphor is the main motivation for producing meanings of a word, and is the main source of polysemy of a word as well as the methods of increasing vocabularies. For example, she is a woman with a stone heart, and John is a man who never loses heart. In English, the basis meaning of heart is an organ of body,
