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1、 I摘 要 风能是一种可再生无污染的绿色能源。它是一种取之不尽、用之不竭、无需开采、运输的新能源。利用风能发电则是当今世界各国为解决能源紧缺，提高环境质量的一项有效措施。风资源最大的特点就是风速的大小和方向的随机性，风的这种特性决定了风力发电厂输出功率的随机性。随着国内风力发电事业的不断发展，百兆瓦级的风电场将会越来越多，这种大型风电场并网运行将会对系统造成较大的影响。对于大型并网风电场并网对系统正常运行造成的影响，可以通过计算并网风电场的最大穿透功率，来解决大型风电场并网给系统带来的电压和频率扰动等问题，进而提出了一种风电场穿透功率极限计算的优化方法。论文主要内容如下：1通过介绍风电场并网对
2、电力系统的电压和频率等一系列的影响，来引申出计算风电场并网的极限穿透功率的重要性；2介绍了计算风电场极限穿透功率的几种方法，通过对这些方法的认识，了解到这些方法中的不足之处，进而去寻求一种更准确、更快速的方法来计算风电场极限穿透功率；3由于求解风电场穿透功率极限时，如若考虑到系统各种运行方式的话，计算量将会很大，为了能够减少计算量，本文提出了一种基于近似线性规划的风电场穿透功率极限优化的改进算法，通过近似线性规划方法，将原计算风电场穿透功率极限的非线性目标约束函数作线性化再应用线性近似解去逼近非线性真实解。应用该方法可以快速准确地求取风电场穿透功率极限。通过在IEEE39 节点系统上仿真计算，
3、验证了所提方法的有效性及其快速准确的特点。关键词：电力系统，风力发电场，穿透功率极限，近似线性规划 IIABSTRACTThe wind power is a kind of renewable green power resources. It is a permanent source with not to exploiting and transporting. To solve the problem of energys shortage and improve the environment quality, a lot of countries use wind power t
4、o produce electricity. The power output of a wind power plant is stochastic, which is determined by the wind and wind turbine generators. With the development of wind industry, there will be more wind plants of 100MW.This kind of large wind plants will bring many problems to the power systems operat
5、ing. About the normal operating influence of large wind plants interconnected the power system, can solve the problems about the voltage and frequency waves through calculating the wind farm penetration. The paper introduces an optimal method based on approximate linear programming for calculating t
6、he wind farm penetration. The major research and contributions are as follows:1. Through with introduces of series influences about system voltage and frequency when the wind farm interconnected the power system, put out the important of calculating the wind farm penetration. 2. Introduce series mea
7、sures about calculate the wind farm penetration, through recognize this measures, to understand the shortcomings of it, and look for a more accuracy and more faster measure to calculate the wind farm penetration. 3. If more system operation modes are taken into account, the calculation of wind farm
8、penetration will be more complicated. This paper introduces an optimal method based on approximate linear programming for calculating the wind farm penetration. This method gets the object function and constraint function approximately linearized first. Then it uses the linear solution to find the a
9、ccurate solution. The results on New England 39 system demonstrate that this method is rapid, precise and effective.Keywords: Power systems, Wind Farm, Penetration, Approximate Linear Programming III目 录摘 要.IABSTRACT.II目 录.III1 绪言1.1 课题背景 11.2 课题研究的目的和意义 11.3 国内外概况 21.3.1 国外风力发电发展概况 21.3.2 国内风力发电发展概况 31.3.3 国内外现状和发展 41.4 大型风力发电场的并网主要问题 51.5 论文的主要工作 71.5.1 研究主要内容 71.5.2 研究方案路线 71.5.3 论文主攻方向 82 风力发电系统介绍2.1 简述 92.2 风资源特性 92.2.1 高度的影响 92.2.2 风功率密度 102.3 风力发电机介绍 102.3.1 风力发电机的类型 112.3.2 风力发电机的调速装置 142.3.3 风力发电机的运行与控制 142.3.4 风力发电机并网控制方式
