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1、常 州 工 学 院 毕 业 设 计I摘 要边缘检测技术对于处理数字图像非常重要，因为边缘是所要提取目标和背景的边界线，提取出边缘才能将目标和背景区分开来。在图像中，边界所分开区域的内部特征或属性是一致的，而不同区域内部的特征或属性是一致的，而不同区域内部的特征或属性是不同的，边缘的检测正是利用物体和背景在某种图像差异来实现的，这些差异包括灰度、颜色或纹理特征。边缘检测实际上就是检测图像特性发生变化的位置。本文主要阐述基于 Matlab 的图像边缘检测技术。论述以 Matlab 为开发平台和编程语言，设计出图像边缘检测软件。首先设计了图形用户界面 GUIDE,作为图像边缘检测软件的主界面,然后比
2、较了各种图像边缘检测算子的特点,结合人像图,文字图，分形图来说明这些算子的定位性；结合加噪图片来说明各算子的稳定性。在图形用户界面中添加了与各种算子相对应的处理程序,以及图形文件的获取、保存等功能，完成了图像边缘检测软件。最终的图形界面可实现打开图片并对其进行边缘处理，并可将处理好的图片保存。 本论文的安排组织如下：第一章主要介绍图像边缘处理的意义。第二章主要介绍本论文软件平台的选择。第三章主要介绍一些常用边缘算子的原理。第四章 通过实例分析了各种算子的优缺点，借助 Matlab 中的 GUI 设计了图像边缘检测界面，并在 GUI 界面中完成了对各种算子的调用，最终完成了基于 MATLAB 的
3、图形化图像边缘检测软件。关键词：图像边缘处理 MATLAB GUI Log 算子 Canny 算子 常 州 工 学 院 毕 业 设 计IIAbstractEdge detection technique for processing digital images is important because the edge is extracted by the target and the background to the boundary line, extract the edge of the target and background can be distinguished. In
4、 the image, separated by the border regions of the internal characteristics or attributes are the same, but different characteristics or attributes within the region are the same, but different characteristics within the region or property is different, edge detection is the use of object and backgr
5、ound images in some kind of difference to achieve, these differences include grayscale, color or texture features. Detection of edge detection is actually the location of the image characteristics to change.This article discusses the Matlab-based image edge detection. Discussed in Matlab as the deve
6、lopment platform and programming language, designed edge detection software. First, the design of the graphical user interface GUIDE, edge detection software as the main interface, then compare a variety of edge detection operator, combining the portrait maps, text maps, fractal images to illustrate
7、 the positioning of these operators; combined increase noise images to illustrate the stability of the operator. Add in the graphical user interface with a variety of operators corresponding to the processing procedures, and graphics files for the acquisition, preservation and other functions, the c
8、ompletion of the image edge detection software.The final graphical interface allows the edge to open the picture and its treatment, and may well save the picture processing.Arrangement of this paper is as follows: The first chapter introduces the significance of the image edge processing. The second
9、 chapter introduces the software platform of choice in this paper. The third chapter introduces some common principle of marginal operator. Chapter IV an example of the advantages and disadvantages of various operators, using Matlabs GUI interface is designed edge detection and GUI interface for all
10、 operators to complete calls, he finally completed the MATLAB-based graphical edge detection software.Keywords: Edge Treatment MATLAB GUI Canny operator Log operator 常 州 工 学 院 毕 业 设 计III目录摘 要 .IAbstract .II目录 .III第一章 绪 论 .11.1 数字图像简介 .11.2 数字图像处理 .11.3 图像边缘处理的意义 .31.4 本章小结 .4第二章 软件选择 .42.1 软件平台选择 .52.2 Matlab 简介 .52.3 本章小结 .7第三章 图像边缘处理算法 .73.1 边缘检测算子 .83.1.1 罗伯特(Roberts)边缘算子 .
