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1、一、文章的基本结构文章是由段落构成，而段落的基本结构是由主题句、支撑句和结尾句所构成，它的具体结构可以用以下的图表加以表示：大学英语四级写作通常采用三段论模式，即：开头段(introduction)、主体段(body paragraph)和结尾段(conclusion)。(一) 开头段对于大学英语四级的写作考题来说，限于篇幅，其开头段一般都不长。然而，这寥寥几句话却占有十分重要的地位，它表达的是整篇文章的主题思想。在议论文中，我们称之为中心论点，它起到驾驭全文的作用。一个意义清晰、明确的开头段，将有助于读者理解全文；一个精彩、新颖的开头段还能激起读者的阅读欲望。(二) 主体段主体段的写作方法是
2、多种多样的，而不同的方法会产生不同的效果，不同的方法需用不同的组织形式。因此，在动笔之前，必须先选择好所采用的方法，然后根据自己所选的方法确定相应的结构形式，才能把文章写好。(三) 结尾段开头和结尾往往是读者注意最多的部分。开头引起读者注意，提出主题；结尾与开头呼应，使读者感觉全文论述完整，圆满结束。从某种意义上来说，结尾更容易给读者留下深刻印象。人们常把好的文章结尾称作是“画龙点睛”，可见结尾部分对整篇文章所起的作用。二、写作实例分析(一) 说明文(1)说明文一般用于解释和分析社会现象或社会问题。要求考生对某种社会现象产生的原因及其可能造成的种种影响或应采取的措施进行分析和说明。此类文章的基
3、本结构如下：Paragraph 1 phenomenon (现象)Paragraph 2reasons (effects)(原因或危害)Paragraph 3suggestions or solutions (措施)Drug abuse among young people has become more and more prevalent over recent years. (主题句)Statistics show that the number of youth drug users almost doubles in the past three years.(数据支撑) It is
4、 vital to analyze why drugs are so attractive to young people and what can be done to combat it.(结论)Firstly, teenagers are under increasing pressure - this may be peer pressure or pressure to succeed for example. Drug use may help them escape reality, forget their problems, or simply feel more accep
5、ted by their friends.(原因 1) In addition, through the media we are exposed to information that glamorizes drug use and makes it look attractive, particularly to young people.(原因 2) Furthermore, teenagers are usually naturally curious about drugs, and drug dealers can take advantage of this curiosity
6、for their own profit.(原因 3)High fines and prison sentences should also be imposed on drug dealers and users. (措施 1) However, it is my own personal view that prevention is better than cure and so a good education programmed about the dangers of drug abuse is one of the most important steps any govern
7、ment should take. (措施 2)(二) 说明文(2)比较性说明文用于比较两种或几种类似的事物，要求考生通过比较它们各自的优点或缺点，说明自己的看法，并加以论证。这种文章的基本结构如下：Paragraph 1 phenomenon(现象)Paragraph 2advantages (优点)Paragraph 3disadvantages (缺点)Paragraph 4comments(结论)A mobile phone is getting increasingly popular.(主题句) Statistics show that eight out of ten colle
8、ge students have got one.(数据支撑) However, as is the case with many issues, a mobile phone has both positive and negative aspects. (承上启下)On the positive side, a mobile phone allows calls to be made instantly from almost any location. This can be vital where emergency services need to be called to the
9、scene of a crime, accident or fire, where no public telephone is nearby. (优点 1) Meanwhile, a mobile phone can serve as a connection to the Internet, which can be extremely convenient for obtaining information wherever you may be. (优点 2) The fact that a mobile phone allows a person to be contacted at
10、 any time can in itself be a disadvantage. For instance, an employee may, via the mobile phone, be constantly available to his employer and feels that he never leaves work. This may cause distress. (缺点 1) Another disadvantage is the perceived health risks associated with its use. Some people believe
11、 that using mobile phones for long periods can damage the brain. (缺点 2)There is no denying that a mobile phone has both benefits and drawbacks but on balance perhaps the advantages of a mobile phone outweigh its disadvantages since a mobile has become an integral part of modern life. (结论)(三) 说明文(3)图
12、表写作也属于说明文的类型，这种文章通常结构是：Paragraph 1change(变化)Paragraph 2reasons or implication(原因或意义)Paragraph 3conclusion (effects; implication)(结论)The period 19952005 witnessed a rapid increase in the number of people in City X traveling abroad. As can be seen, in 1995, only about 10,000 people in this city went o
13、verseas while in 1995 this number quickly rose to 40,000. In 2005, however the number of overseas traveler surged to over 120,000, which is more than 10 times as many as that of 1995. (变化)This change can be accounted for by a couple of factors. First, along with social and economy progress, the livi
14、ng standard of the Chinese people has been greatly enhanced, so they have enough money and time to travel abroad. Meanwhile, more and more people want to enjoy themselves and broaden their vision by visiting overseas historical places and experiencing exotic cultures. (原因)Overseas travel has a profo
15、und effect on both individuals and the society. It can widen our peoples horizons, promote friendship and enhance cultural interaction. In the meantime, it can also boost our social economy and make our society more prosperous and dynamic. Its good for our nations progress. (结论)(四)议论文(1)议论文的第一种形式是要求
16、考生针对某一有争议性的两种观点，来阐述自己的立场，或对这一问题反映出的某一观点进行驳斥，然后提出自己的看法并加以论证。它的基本形式是：一些人认为；另一些人认为；我的看法。这种文章的基本结构如下：Paragraph 1Introduction(启)Paragraph 2Analysis(承)Paragraph 3 Conclusion(转合 )例如：1.一些人认为数据库威胁个人隐私2.另一些人认为数据库有利于提高工作效率3.我的看法My view on Data CollectionData collection is a fact of modern life. Some argue that data collection is endangering the rights of individuals, though others see it as a useful tool which increases efficiency. (启)To be frank, I believe
