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1、Lesson 1 Developing Your Reading Efficiency,As a graduate student, you are pressed for time. Your course work, which includes reading textbook chapters, completing assignments, studying for exams, and writing papers, competes with part-time jobs and social, recreational, and housekeeping tasks. Each
2、 demands your valuable time. At times, university life may seem like a balancing or juggling act in which you are trying to do many things all at once and do all of them well. You are probably wondering if you will be able to keep up and how to get everything done. One of the best ways to handle the
3、 demands and pressures of university life is to become more efficientto get more done in less time.,Many students think that the only way to become more efficient is to read faster. They believe that slow reading is poor reading. This is, however, not the case. Reading efficiency means more than sav
4、ing time by reading rapidly. Reading effectively includes understanding the ideas the writer is trying to send and organizing those ideas logically to remember them. Your reading efficiency will increase as you develop techniques that improve your comprehension and retention. These in turn will enab
5、le you to use your time most economically.,VOCABULARY ITEMS,1.sizable: adj. fairly large相当大的2. virtually: adv. almost but not quite; nearly几乎，差不多3. constitute: v. to amount to; equal形成，等同于4. aggrandis(z)ment: n. increase in power or importance 扩张，增加5. predominantly: adv. mostly or mainly卓越地，支配地，主要地6
6、. default: n. failure to do sth.疏忽, 不履行，违约7. hegemonic: adj. of the predominant influence of one nation over others 霸权的; hegemony n. 霸权8. benign: adj. tending to exert a beneficial influence; favorable有利的,9. dispassionately: adv. calmly; reasonably平心静气地，不带偏见地10. verdict: n. decision or opinion given
7、 after testing or examining判断，裁决11. straightforward: adj. plain; clear明确的，清清楚楚的, 12. aboriginal: adj. of races of people belonging to a region from the earliest times土著的,13. adversely: adv. unfavorably不利地14. indigenous: adj. native; originating in an area本土的，土生土长的15. endanger: v. to cause to be in a
8、 dangerous situation危害 endangered: adj. in danger of being damaged or destroyed濒于灭绝的16. apparatus: n. structure or method of operation组织，机构17. descent: n. hereditary derivation血统，遗传18. apartheid: adj. racial separateness种族隔离19. regime: n. system of government or rule政权,20. vernacular: adj. native; c
9、ommonly spoken by the members of a country or region本国语的，方言的21. invoke: v. to make a particular idea, image, or feeling appear in peoples minds引起, 造成; 22. point up: to emphasize强调23. take in: to include包括24. for good or (for) ill: whether the effect of a situation is good or harmful无论好坏25. by and la
10、rge: on the whole总的来说，大体上; 26. die out: to become extinct死光，绝种27. lay sth. at the door of.: to blame (sb. or sth.) for sth. 把某事归咎于(某人或某事)28. leave aside: to make no discussion of a subject不谈论，把话题搁置一边,29. crystal clear: absolutely clear非常清楚的，显而易见的,Language Points,1. point up,emphasize; highlight 强调；清
11、楚地表明, 美国官员强调了这些政策的种种相似之处。,US officials pointed up the similarities in these policies., 托尼的成绩单清楚地表明他的数学才能。,Tonys transcript points up his talent for maths.,2. take in,include 包括, 这一真理兼容了两种极端看法。,The truth takes in both extremes., 每个人都上了名单。,The list takes in everybody.,understand 理解；领会,学生们发现他教的课容易理解。,T
12、he students find it easy to take in what he teaches.,deceive; trick 欺骗；使上当受骗,我们完全被他的谎言欺骗了。,We were completely taken in by his story.,attend 出席,观看我们在伦敦观看了几场音乐剧.We took in a few musicals in London.subscribe to 订阅你订阅什么报纸？Which newspaper do you take in?,3. benign,kind, gentle, harmless; friendly 善良的，宽厚的
13、，慈祥的,和蔼的教师,a benign teacher,A benign tumor is one that will not cause death or serious illness（肿瘤）良性的,A benign climate, environment, system, etc. is one that it is easy or pleasant to live in or with（气候，环境，制度等）宜人的，温和的,4. lay sth. at the door of,lay the blame/responsibility (for sth.) on sb 将（某事的）责任归
14、咎于某人,罢工的责任被认为在雇主方。,Responsibility for the strike was laid at the door of the employers.,5. leave aside,not want to discuss or take into account a particular subject or aspect of something 姑且不谈，暂不考虑,咱们暂时不要考虑这件事吧。,Lets leave the matter aside for the moment.,6. invoke,cause somebody to have these feeli
15、ngs 引起，唤起,他们尽力激发人们对这项改革的热情。,They did their best to invoke popular enthusiasm for the reform.,它使我想起自己的童年。,It invoked memories of my childhood.,quote or refer to it in order to persuade people to do something 援引，援用,援用联合国宪章某一条款,invoke an article of the U.N. Charter,Warm-up Activities,Do you think it is
16、 good for us to have a world language? Is it necessary? Why?,2. If you were asked to choose a world language from the existing languages, which one do you prefer? Give you reasons.,World English: A Blessing or a Curse? By Tom McArthur,1 In the year 2000, the language scholar Glanville Price, a Welsh
17、man, made the following assertion as editor of the book Languages in Britain and Ireland: For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Yet English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh. that their long-term future must be considered. very greatly at risk. (p. 141),
