《毕业论文-活性炭、陶瓷颗粒和硅藻土吸附去除污水中氨氮的研究》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《毕业论文-活性炭、陶瓷颗粒和硅藻土吸附去除污水中氨氮的研究（48页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、I活性炭、多孔陶瓷颗粒、硅藻土吸附去除水中氨氮的研究摘 要随着我国城市化和工业化进程的加快，人民生活水平的不断提高，我国用水需求正在不断增大；同时我国经济的飞速发展和工业的不断发展，使得水资源保护压力越来越大。水资源短缺和水体污染是目前我国环境保护中亟待解决的问题。我国的水体污染主要是由于各种未经处理或只经过简单处理的含有有毒有害物质的工业废水和生活污水排入天然水体造成的。水体污染主要分为水体富营养化、氨氮污染以及重金属污染。本论文中所使用的水样是实验室自配的氯化铵溶液模拟氨氮废水，采用纳氏试剂光度法研究吸附剂活性炭、多孔陶瓷颗粒和硅藻土对模拟氨氮废水的吸附效果。通过实验研究吸附剂活性炭、多孔
2、陶瓷颗粒和硅藻土吸附去除氨氮的影响因素，包括吸附剂投加量、pH 值和接触时间等因素，在此基础上探究确定吸附剂最佳实验条件。同时探寻吸附剂活性炭、多孔陶瓷颗粒和硅藻土的吸附机理和吸附等温线，进行动力学方程的拟合。实验结果表明，在温度为 293 K，氨氮浓度为 50 mg/L 的条件下，活性炭的最佳投加比例为 2 g/50 mL，最佳反应时间为 1 h；多孔陶瓷颗粒的最佳投加比例为 9 g/50 mL，最佳吸附时间为 1.5 h；硅藻土的最佳投加比例为 4 g/50 mL，最佳吸附反应时间为 1.5 h。在 pH 值对吸附效果的影响实验中，酸性和碱性条件对吸附剂活性炭、多孔陶瓷颗粒和硅藻土均有改性
3、作用，氨氮去除率均高于中性条件。在各吸附剂的最佳实验条件下，当溶液 pH=7.0 时，氨氮去除率分别为： 65.46%、65.87%和 64.63%。关键词：活性炭，多孔陶瓷，硅藻土，吸附，氨氮IISTUDIES ON AMMONIA-NITROGEN REMOVAL FROM WATER WITH ACTIVATED CARBON AND POROUS CERAMIC PARTICLES AND DIATOMITEABSTERACTAlong with the speeding up of urbanization and industrialization and the continuo
4、us improvement of peoples living standards make the water demand in our country is increasing. At the same time, the rapid development of Chinas economic and industrial development, make water resources protection becoming more difficult. Water shortage and water pollution is a problem that should b
5、e solved in the environmental protection of our country. The water pollution in our country is mainly due to a variety of untreated or treated through simple industrial and domestic wastewater which contains toxic and hazardous substances discharged into natural water bodies. Water pollution is main
6、ly divided into eutrophication, ammonia nitrogen pollution and heavy metal pollution.The water samples used in this paper was prepared by ammonium chloride solution in the laboratory. The residual ammonia content was measured by NesslerSreagent Spectrophotometric. We study the factors of the adsorbe
7、nts including activated carbon, porous ceramic particles and diatomite which include the adsorbent dosage, pH and contact time etc. And determine the optimum conditions of the adsorbents. On the other hand, we explore the mechanism of adsorption and fit adsorption isotherms of adsorbents and kinetic
8、 equations.The experimental results show that the optimal dosing proportion of activated carbon is 2 g/50 mL, and for porous ceramic particles is 9 g/50 mL and for diatomite is 4 g/50 mL under a temperature of 293 K and the conditions of ammonia concentration of 50 mg / L. The optimum reaction time
9、was 1 h for activated carbon, 1.5 h for porous ceramic particles and 1.5 h for diatomite, respectively. The experiments of the effect of pH on the adsorption show that the adsorbents such as activated carbon, porous ceramic particles and diatomite were modified by hydrochloric acid and sodium hydrox
10、ide. Therefor under the conditions of acid and alkali the ammonia removal efficiency was higher than neutral conditions. At pH = 7.0 and under the optimum conditions for each adsorbent, the ammonia removal were 65.46% for activated carbon, 65.87% for porous ceramic particles and 64.63% for diatomite
11、, respectively. KEY WORDS: Activated Carbon, Porous Ceramic Particles, Diatomite, Adsorption, Ammonia-NitrogenIII目 录摘要 .IABSTERACT.II目录 .III第一章 绪论 .11.1 我国水资源现状 .11.1.1 水资源短缺 .11.1.2 水体污染 .1（1）水体富营养化 .2（2）氨氮的污染 .2（3）重金属污染 .31.2 污水脱氮技术研究现状 .31.2.1 物理化学脱氮法 .3（1）吹脱 汽提 .3（2）化学沉淀法 .4（3）电解法 .4（4）湿式催化氧化法 .4（5）膜分离法 .4（6）折点加氯法 .4（7）催化反硝化 .5（8）选择性离子交换法 .5（9）吸附法 .51.2.2 生物脱氮技术 .5（1）传统生物脱氮技术 .5（2）同步硝化反硝化（SND） .5（3）短程硝化反硝化法 .6（4）厌氧氨氧化 .61.3 本课题研究的目的、内容和意义 .61.3.1 本课题研究的目的和意义 .6（1）活性炭 .
