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1、1-ing 形式用作状语的用法一、请看下面的两个句子：1. Looking carefully at the ground, I made my way to the edge of the crater.The ing form used as an adverbial.2. Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didnt take much notice.Having + past participle (the perfect ing form) to refer to an action tha
2、t took place before the time expressed by main verb.二、ing 用作状语的类型：用法 例句时间 Walking along the street, I met Mary. (= While I was walking along the street.)在街上走的时候，我遇到了玛丽。让步 Knowing where I live, he never come to see me .(= Though he knows where I live, .) 尽管他知道我的住处，但从不来看我。原因 Not having received a repl
3、y, we wrote again.（= We wrote again because we didnt receive a reply.）因为没有收到答复，我们再写了一次。伴随 I stood there, waiting for her. (= , and waited for her.) 我站在那儿等她。结果 It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in the area.(= It rained heavily so that it caused severe flooding in the area.)在这个地方雨下的如此大，以至引发了洪
4、灾。三、 ing 形式的完成式：主动 Having +p.p. , 主语+谓语句型被动 (Having been) +p.p. , 主语+ 谓语用法 ing 形式的完成式所表示的时间在谓语动词之前发生；表示被动可直接用过去分词例句 1. Having finished my work, I went home. (= After I had finished my work, .)工作做完只后，我就回家了。2. (Having been) written in haste, the book has some faults. 这本书因仓促写成，所以有些缺憾。2四、使用- ing 形式需注意的几
5、个问题：1. 分词 (短语) 作状语时, 其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果不一致，必须用独立主格结构来表示，也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。 如：1）My wife had a long talk with Sally, explaining why she didnt want the children to play together. 我妻子与莎莉谈了很长时间, 解释她为什么不想让孩子们在一起玩。(现在分词 explaining 是句子主语 my wife 做的动作,它们之间是主动关系, 即 explaining 的逻辑主语，就是句子的主语 my wife 。)2）The trai
6、n having gone, we had to wait another day.（the train 逻辑主语 + having gone 即为独立主格结构）2. 分词短语做状语时，前面可以加上连词或介词，但是分词短语和句子之间不能用并列连词( 如 but，and)，因为并列连词接的是两个并列成分，而分词短语只是全句的一个状语部分，分词和主句之间可用逗号。例如:误: Having been told many times, but he still couldnt understand it.正: He was told many times, but he still couldnt u
7、nderstand it. 或Having been told many times, he still couldnt understand it.3. -ing 的一般式和完成式都可以表示先后接连发生的动作。在可能引起误解的场合应该用完成式现在分词表示先发生的动作。例如:1）Opening the drawer，he took out his wallet. (=He opened the drawer and took out his wallet.)他打开抽屉，拿出钱包。2）Having brushed his teeth, Mr. Brown came downstairs for
8、breakfast.布朗先生刷过牙, 就下楼来吃早饭。(此句如写成: Brushing his teeth, Mr. Brown came downstairs for breakfast. 可能指 “边刷牙, 边下楼 。) 4. 分词的否定形式是在分词短语前面加上 not, never 等否定词构成。例如:1）Not fearing the fire, the child touched and got a finger burnt. 小孩儿不知道怕火，用手去摸，把手指烫了。2）Not knowing how to find the subway, I asked a policeman f
9、or help. 我不知怎样找到地铁，就去找警察帮忙。 练习题I. 单项选择：1. _ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes. (上海 2001 春)A. Suffered B. Suffering C. Having suffered D. Being suffered2. Finding her car stolen, _. (上海 2001)A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area w
10、as searched thoroughlyC. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help3. He sent me an e-mail, _ to get further information. (上海 2000)A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope4. While building a tunnel through the mountain, _. (上海 2000 春)A. an underground lake was discovered 3B. th
11、ere was an underground lake discoveredC. a lake was discovered undergroundD. the workers discovered an underground lake5. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods. (上海 2004 春)A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappearedC. seizing; disappearing D
12、. seized; disappearing6. _ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. (北京 2004)A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited7. European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world. (NMET 1998)A. making B.
13、makes C. made D. to make8. _ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. (广东 2004)A. Not completing B. Not completedC. Not having completed D. Having not completed9. Though _ money, his parents managed to send him to university. (上海 2002)A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked
14、 in10. Having been attacked by terrorists, _. (上海 2004)A. doctors came to their rescue B. the tall building collapsedC. an emergency measure was taken D. warnings were given to tourists. 每空填一词，使该句与所给句子的意思相同：1. Because he was ill, he didnt go to school._ _, he didnt go to school.2. When she was walki
15、ng along the street one day, she met an old friend of hers._ _ the street one day, she met an old friend of hers. 3. If it is sunny, well go for a picnic tomorrow._ _ _, well go for a picnic tomorrow.4. After she had finished her homework, the little girl began to watch TV._ _ her homework, the little girl began to watch TV.5. Because they had been warned by the teacher, they didnt make such mistakes
