《process_plant_piping_overview》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《process_plant_piping_overview（133页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、1OVERVIEW OFPROCESS PLANT PIPINGSYSTEM DESIGNBy: Vincent A. CarucciCarmagen Engineering, I2Piping SystemPiping system: conveys fluid betweenlocationsPiping system includes: Pipe Fittings (e.g. elbows, reducers, branchconnections, etc.)Flanges, gaskets, bolting Valves Pipe 3ASME B31.3DesignMaterialsF
2、abricationPetroleum refineriesChemical plantsPharmaceutical plantsTextile plantsPaper plantsSemiconductorplantsCryogenic plantsErectionInspectionTestingProvides requirements for:For process plants 4Scope of ASME B31.3Piping and piping components, all fluidservices:Raw, intermediate, and finished che
3、micalsPetroleum productsGas, steam, air, and waterFluidized solidsRefrigerantsCryogenic fluidsInterconnections within packaged equipmentScope exclusions 5StrengthYield and Tensile StrengthCreep StrengthFatigue StrengthAlloy ContentMaterial Grain sizeSteel Production P6Stress - Strain DiagramSABCE7Co
4、rrosion ResistanceDeterioration of metal by chemical orelectrochemical actionMost important factor to considerCorrosion allowance added thicknessAlloying increases corrosion 8Piping System CorrosionGeneralorUniformCorrosionUniform metal loss.May becombinedwith erosion ifhigh-velocity fluids, ormovin
5、g fluidscontainingabrasives.PittingCorrosionLocalizedmetal lossrandomlylocatedonmaterialsurface.Occurs mostofteninstagnantareas or areasoflow-flow velocity.GalvanicCorrosionOccurs whentwo dissimilar metalscontacteachotherincorrosive electrolytic environment.Anodic metaldevelopsdeeppitsorgroovesas cu
6、rrentflows from ittocathodicmetal.CreviceCorrosionLocalizedcorrosionsimilar topitting. Occursatplacessuchasgaskets,lapjoints, andbolts where creviceexists.ConcentrationCellCorrosionOccurs whendifferentconcentrationof eitheracorrosivefluidordissolvedoxygencontactsareas of samemetal.Usuallyassociatedw
7、ithstagnantfluid.GraphiticCorrosionOccurs incastironexposedtosaltwater or weakacids.Reduces ironincastiron, andleavesgraphite inplace.R9Material ToughnessEnergy necessary to initiate andpropagate a crackDecreases as temperature decreasesFactors affecting fracture toughnessinclude:Chemical compositio
8、n or alloying elementsHeat treatmentGrain 10FabricabilityEase of constructionMaterial must be weldableCommon shapes and forms include:Seamless pipePlate welded pipeWrought or forged elbows, tees, reducers,crossesForged flanges, couplings, valvesC11Availability and CostConsider economicsCompare accep
9、table options based on:AvailabilityRelative 12Pipe FittingsProduce change in geometryModify flow directionBring pipes togetherAlter pipe diameterTerminate 13Elbow and ReturnFigure4.19045180R14TeeFigure4.2Reducing OutletTeeCross T15ReducerFigure4.3ConcentricE16Welding Outlet FittingF17CapF18Lap-joint
10、 Stub EndFigure4.6Note square cornerRREnlarged Sectionof L19Typical Flange AssemblyFigure4.7FlangeBoltingG20Types of FlangeAttachment and FacingFlangeAttachment TypesFlangeFacing TypesThreaded FlangesFlatFacedSocket-Welded FlangesBlind FlangesRaised FaceSlip-OnFlangesLapped FlangesRing JointWeldNeck
11、 FlangesT21Flange Facing TypesF22GasketsResilient materialInserted between flangesCompressed by bolts to create sealCommonly used typesSheetSpiral woundSolid metal 23Flange Rating ClassBased on ASME B16.5Acceptable pressure/temperaturecombinationsSeven classes (150, 300, 400, 600, 900,1,500, 2,500)F
12、lange strength increases with classnumberMaterial and design temperaturecombinations without pressure indicatednot 24Material Specification ListT25Pressure - Temperature RatingsTable4.3MaterialGroup No.1.81.91.10Classes150300400150300400150300400Temp.,F-26Sample Problem 1Flange RatingNew piping system to be installed atexisting plant.Determine required flange class. Pipe Material:Design Temperature: 700FDesign Pressure:500 psigMo21Cwww.z
