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1、Lesson 18,Maintenance procedures for reciprocating air compressors,1. Since marine compressors are encountered in several forms, comments on maintenance will be made by following the passages through each form of machines.,由于船用压缩机形式多样，评价其维护保养将通过以下形式进行。,AIR FILTER 空气滤器2.The dry type of filter ,as use
2、d on marine compressors，has a filtering media of either felted cloth or paper, the latter usually being slightly oil coated.,船用空压机使用的干式滤器，拥有或毡布或纸质的过滤介质，后者通常稍微涂油。,This type of filter is quite satisfactory although its strength is sometimes suspect on higher speed machines.,尽管其优点在高速机上有时候值得怀疑，这种类型的滤器相当
3、令人满意。,The most widely used type of filter is the viscous impingement type filter, usually of cylindrical design and the filtering media usually being copper wire or nylon strands, which are, when cleaned, dipped in oil and allowed to drain before fitting .,应用最广泛的滤器类型是粘滞撞击式滤器，通常设计为柱状，过滤介质通常由铜丝或尼龙带编织而
4、成，清洗时浸泡在油里，安装前要放残。,The oil coating then traps the dirt quite satisfactorily , since the atmosphere for the marine compressor is usually fairly clean.,鉴于船用空压机的空气通常相当干净，故滤器的油层吸附污物的能力相当好。,This type of filter is also quite acceptable for oil free machines ,if the unit is being used for controlling air.,
5、如果空压机是用来为控制空气瓶充气的，这种类型的滤器对无润滑油的空压机来说还是相当可以接受的。,First stage failures have, on occasions, been caused by some of the copper wire being teased loose and the pulsating air flow bending the strands backwards and forwards until a strand has broken free and lodged awkwardly in either a valve or piston clea
6、rance.,有时，第一级的故障的发生是由于滤器的铜丝起球松弛，和气流的波动使尼龙带前后弯曲，直到尼龙带断裂并在气阀或活塞间隙中无规律的运动。,In general, the nylon strand is much more resilient in this respect. It is essential that the filter is kept in a clean condition so that the air pressure drop across the filter is kept to an absolute minimum,通常，在这方面尼龙带的弹力比较大.保持
7、滤器清洁很重要，这样通过滤器的空气的压力降可以保持最小。,and the engineer in charge of the compressors should accept as his responsibility the blanking off of the air inlet before any painting takes place ,而且空压机的主管轮机员应当把进行油漆作业前将空气进口盖住作为自己的职责，,as should this area be painted it will cause too great a pressure drop. This point is
8、 well worth inspecting after any painting in the compressor vicinity.,这个区域打油漆会导致太大的压力降。空压机附近油漆后这一点都值得检查。,First stage valves 第一级气阀3.All modern marine compressors use automatic valves which operate on low pressure differential.,所有当代船用空压机都使用在低压差下工作的自动阀。,It is usual for the suction valve to have a lower
9、 spring pressure than the delivery valve and it is, therefore，most important that whenever a valve is stripped for cleaning and or maintenance, the parts are put back correctly and even if spring look similar, that no interchange between suction and delivery valves is made.,通常吸入阀的弹簧弹力要比排出阀低，因此，最重要的是
10、无论何时解体清洁或维护气阀，部件回装都要正确，即使是吸、排阀的弹簧看起来很像，也不能互换。,When selecting spare springs or plates from the spares inventory, care must be taken that the right part is selected.,当从备件单上选用备用弹簧或阀板时，必须小心选用正确的部件。,The valve is the heart of the machine and, since it operates once every revolution, the valve movements ar
11、e extremely frequent and, because of this, the valve lifts are kept extremely low to reduce impact forces.,气阀是空压机的心脏，因为它每转都动作一次，故阀的运动特别频繁，因此，阀片的升程保持的特别小以减轻冲击力。,The spring assembly design is very critical to ensure correct valve action. It is extremely important, therefore , that the valve design is
12、not altered in any way without contacting the compressor manufacturer.,弹簧组件的设计非常重要，以保证阀的动作正确。因此，特别重要的是，无论如何，无需和厂家联系，阀的设计都不能改变。,Valve failure will occur due to wear and fatigue，and is a function of the compressor design； therefore ,if failures occur from this facet on a frequent basis , it is almost
13、certainly due to the wrong machine selection , or if on a lubricated machine , to insufficient oil carry over.,气阀的阀面会因为磨损和疲劳而失效，是空压机设计的一个功能；因此，如果这个面的故障经常发生，几乎可以肯定是选用空压机错误，或者，如果发生在有润滑的空压机上，就是滑油不足。,Naturally ,if the compressor is overheating wear and fatigue will occur.,通常，如果空压机过热，磨损和疲劳就会发生。,4.Failure
14、 will also occur due to the presence of foreign particles .If these are of a solid nature they are，normally ,quite readily detected ,since they will also usually affect other running parts .,外部颗粒的存在也会导致出现故障。通常，如果这些颗粒是固态的就很容易被发现，因为它们也会影响其他运动的部件。,However ,if in liquid form, this liquid is either being
15、 drawn into the machine or , in the case of non -oil free machines , is caused by excessive oil coming past worn pistons and rings,然而，如果是液态的，这种液体或者是被吸入空压机的，或者是在有润滑油的空压机中，由过量的经过磨损的活塞和活塞环的滑油造成的。,5.Carbon deposits from the oil also cause valve wear and breakages ,and it is ,therefore , important that t
16、he compression chambers and oil usage are carefully examined .,油里的碳沉积物也会导致阀磨损和破碎，因此，仔细的检查压缩室和滑油的损耗是很重要的。,On all non-oil free machines some carbonning of valves will usually take place but, providing the valves are not- found excessively carbonned when maintenance is carried out to the manufacturers
17、recommendations，the problem can be accepted as normal.,所有的油润滑的空压机的气阀都会有积碳，但是，如果气阀的维护保养都按照生产商的要求做的话，气阀上不会有过量的积碳，结碳问题还是可以正常接受的。,It is usual for the suction valve to be relatively free from carbon except on its bore contact side, where the carbon deposits should be fairly low ,but the delivery valve will usually carbon up on its inner and outer surfaces ,
