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1、Peace,As the Product of Peace Movements,The anti-Vietnam War movement,But what was it? Contending views:An extension of the civil rights movement?An anti-war movement?A protest movement with the war as the main issue, but with government, the draft, capitalism and racism as related issues?A peace mo
2、vement?A movement for social change and a different kind of America?,What are peace movements?,Organized groups of citizens which reject war as a way of doing political businessWith the exception of the pacifist protests in the early Christian Church in Rome, these are essentially post-19th century
3、movementsHighly correlated with democracy, literacy, transnational contact, and periods of change,3 types of peace movements,To stop a particular war (nation- and conflict-specific, sometimes transnational)To stop particular practices, weapons systems, or aspects of a war (often occur after a war an
4、d link citizens with government. May lead to treaties and the creation of agencies)To stop (outlaw) war,Characteristics of peace movements,Arise from certain traditions and/or prior ideas or movements Always debating final goals vs. intermediate onesAlways debating how large and varied their “coalit
5、ion” will beAlways under assault for some practice or contact with “the enemy”,Characteristics of peace movements (cont.),Debating methods (especially the use of violence or not) and lack of consensus (regarding partial vs. total victory against the government/war) often fractures movements and diss
6、ipates their impactHave difficulty forming a “viable alternative”Have difficulty sustaining momentum over time unless government unwittingly cooperates (credibility; Spiro Agnew),Why do peace movementsoften fail?,Loyalty issues and ends-means tests are tough to handleStretch people too far beyond th
7、eir cultural boundaries (save the 60s where being counter-cultural was the collegiate cultural norm)Its difficult to respond to change and concessions “on the ground” (real or manipulated),Why do peace movementsoften fail? (cont.),Difficult to present a “viable alternative” in full.Underlying the ac
8、tion and beliefs of many peace movements is a fundamentally different conception of war, the state, and other forces which are usually accepted unconsciously by the bulk of the population. Thus change moves at a glacial pace.,Assignment,Question:So, on the peace movement side, how much will Iraq be like Vietnam?To do:Set up the research design for how we would assess this.,
