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1、|P/M Stainless steels for Components粉末冶金不锈钢|Outline 摘要 Introduction of PM stainless steel粉末冶金不锈钢概述 Processing生产工艺 Factors affecting corrosion resistance of PM S.S.影响粉末冶金不锈钢抗腐蚀性能的因素 Tech center support技术中心的技术支持2 2010-3-30|PM stainless steel 粉末冶金不锈钢1. PM technology - Net shape processing and more effi
2、cient material utilization!粉末冶金技术 近净成型工艺、更有效的材料利用率2. In stainless steel PM you want corrosion resistance!采用粉末冶金不锈钢可以获得 抗腐蚀性能！3 2010-3-30|Powder is key!粉末是关键It is possible to produce P/M parts that will equal wrought stainless steel parts in corrosion resistance.粉末冶金生产的不锈钢零件可以具有和锻制不锈钢零件相当的抗腐蚀性能。It is
3、 necessary to carefully control sintering parameters. 严格控制烧结条件非常重要。Loss of corrosion resistance in P/M stainless steels is mainly due to formation, during sintering, of oxides, nitrides and carbides.烧结过程中形成的氧化物、氮化物、碳化物会降低粉末冶金不锈钢的抗腐蚀性能。4 2010-3-30|Stainless Steel Grades 常用不锈钢牌号304L: Basic Austenitic
4、Grade 基础奥氏体不锈钢Most economical of austenitic grades. 最经济的奥氏体不锈钢304LSC. Enhanced Corrosion Resistance 提高了抗腐蚀性能This is a tin-modified version of 304L alloy having all the characteristics of 304L, except for improved corrosion resistance while sintered at 1120 C. 在 304L的基础上加入 Sn，拥有 304L所有性能，并且提高了 1120烧结
5、的抗腐蚀性能。410: Martensitic Grade 马氏体不锈钢The martensitic form has the lowest corrosion resistance of all P/M stainless steel grades. Low cost.马氏体不锈钢是所有粉末冶金不锈钢中抗腐蚀性能最低的，但成本低。316L: Austenitic Grade 奥氏体不锈钢This alloy offers better corrosion resistance and machinability than 304L. With careful processing it c
6、an meet the corrosion resistance requirements of the more demanding applications. 拥有比 304L更好的抗腐蚀性能和机加工性能。生产控制得当，其抗腐蚀性能可以达到更高的要求。5 2010-3-30|What are stainless steels 不锈钢的定义 Iron-base alloys containing sufficient CHROMIUM to form a stablepassive film on the surface铁基合金中有足够量的铬，会在表面形成一层稳定的钝化膜。10.5% is
7、the qualifying concentration of Cr for an alloy to be called Stainless Steel铬含量 10.5%以上的铁基合金可以称为不锈钢。 Stainless steels also exhibit remarkable resistance to oxidation at elevated temperatures 不锈钢在高温下仍具有很好的抗氧化性能。|Corrosion resistance vs Cr content铬含量及抗腐蚀性能关系图腐蚀深度(mils)普通海水强腐蚀性海水使用时间 -8年腐蚀深度(m)Cr含量 (%)
8、|What makes stainless steels Stainless为什么不锈钢是 “不锈 ”的？ With sufficient chromium ( 10.5%), the steel is able to form a protective film on the surface (passivate) in aqueous environments-拥有足够的铬含量（ 10.5%） , 在含水的环境中，材料的表面可以形成一层钝化保护膜 THE FILM: 膜的性质Thin 厚度 100 to 500 nmHydrous oxides (M-xOH), needs Oxygen
9、水合氧化物，需要氧的存在Dynamic and self-healing 薄膜是动态的，可以自动修复Rich in 主要含有 Cr, Mo and SiDamaged by chloride ions, low pH 氯离子、酸性条件对其具有破坏性Weak near oxides, precipitates, crystal defects如果薄膜附近有氧化物、析出相，晶格缺陷，抗腐蚀性能会减弱 STABILITY of the film determines corrosion resistance薄膜的稳定性决定了材料的抗腐蚀性能|Why Use Stainless Steel 为什么使用
10、不锈钢 Corrosion resistance (Cosmetic & Functional)抗腐蚀性（外表美观、用途很广） Oxidation resistance 抗氧化性 Appearance (luster & color) 外观 （颜色和光泽美观） Elevated temperature mechanical strength高温下机械强度高 Room temp mechanical strength, toughness 常温下机械强度和韧性好 Low-cost wear resistant material (with 410)低成本的耐磨材料（例如 410） Magneti
11、c behavior with ferritic磁性，如铁素体不锈钢|Austenitic grades 奥氏体不锈钢Grade Cr Ni Mo Sn Cu S304L 18.8 11.2304LSC 18.8 12.2 1 2316L 17.0 13.5 2316LSC 17.0 13.5 2 1 2Ferritic grades 铁素体不锈钢Grade Cr Ni Mo Nb409L 11.2 0.5410L 12.5430L 16.8434L 16.8 1Examples of Ferritic and Austenitic grades from Hgans (NAH)赫格纳斯生产的
12、铁素体和奥氏体不锈钢牌号举例|Austenitic (300 series) 奥氏体钢 Excellent Resistance to Corrosion 抗腐蚀性能优异 High Toughness & Good Ductility 塑性、韧性好 Moderate Strength, Hardenable by Cold work 强度中等，但具有冷作硬化性 High Resistance to Oxidation at Elevated Temperature高温下抗腐蚀、抗氧化性能优异 Low Thermal Conductivity 热传导率低 High Coefficient of
13、Thermal Expansion热膨胀系数高 Non-Magnetic 非磁性 Not Heat Treatable 不适用于热处理 Poor Machinability, Higher Cost 机加工性能差，成本相对较高ALLOYING ELEMENTS: Cr, Ni ,( Mo ) Min. Nickel 9 %合金元素主要有： Cr, Ni, (Mo)-Ni含量至少为 9%Grades: 303L, 304L, 316L ( + “LSC” )LSC versions are Hgans Proprietary compositions offering superior corr
14、osion resistanceLSC是 赫格纳斯特有的高抗腐蚀性能的牌号|Martensitic (410L + C , N) 马氏体不锈钢 High Strength, Hardness & Wear Resistance高强度、高硬度、高耐磨 Heat Treatable 适用于热处理 Low Corrosion Resistance 抗腐蚀性能较低 Magnetic 磁性 Marginal High Temperature Strength & Oxidation Resistance高温强度、高温抗氧化性较低Low Ductility 塑性较差Low Cost Material Of
15、fering Good Wear Resistance成本低，耐磨损性好ALLOYING ELEMENTS : Cr ( C , N )主要合金元素： Cr (C, N)Grades : 410 (410L+ C and / or N added), 420,440C (434 L+ C)|Ferritic (400 series) 铁素体不锈钢 Low to Moderate Corrosion Resistance抗腐蚀性能低或中等 Moderate Strength & Ductility 强度、塑性中等 Magnetic, Not Heat Treatable 磁性、不适用于热处理 M
16、arginal High Temp Strength & Oxidation Resistance 高温强度、高温抗氧化性能低 Higher Thermal Conductivity 热传导率高 Lower Coefficient of Thermal Expansion热膨胀系数较小 Low-cost Option with Functional Corrosion Resistance低成本、较好的抗腐蚀性能的组合ALLOYING ELEMENTS: Cr ( Mo, Nb)Grades : 409L, 410L, 430L, 434L (L DENOTES: Carbon UTS 500 MPa, DC= +0.1%400MP
