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1、英语句子的基本结构,句子成分详解表,句子种类两种分类法,按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old.2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）： Do they like skating? How old is he? Mary can swim, cant she? 3）祈使句：Be careful, boys. Dont talk in class4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!,按句子的结构可分三种：,1) 简单句2) 并列句3) 复合句,简单句,主+谓主+谓+宾主+系+表主+谓+宾+宾补主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语,简单句,太
2、阳在东边升起。The sun rises in the east 飞机在10点起飞。The plane took off at ten oclock.他每天早上读英语。He often reads English in the morning.,简单句,布朗夫人看起来很健康。Mrs Brown looks very healthy.她的工作是在幼儿园里照顾儿童。His job is to look after the children in the kindergarten.Lisa 教我们英语。Lisa teaches us English.,注意：系动词（Linking verb)用于连接
3、主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。,1）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如： He is a teacher. 2）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：He always kept silent at meeting.3）表像系动词用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：He seems (to be) very sad.,注意：系动词（Linking verb)用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。,4）感官系动词主要有fe
4、el, smell, sound, taste, 例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft. 5）变化系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如：The river was beginning to run dry. 6）终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达结果是;证明是 ，之意，例如：The rumor proved false. His plan turned out a success.,系动词口诀,看似落下来去跑， 1 停留站息成卧
5、倒。 2 续保生长现转变， 3 闻听感觉尝得到。 4,系动词口诀,1. look看,seem似乎,fall落下, come来, go去, run跑2. stay停留,remain留下, stand站，立, rest休息, become变成,lie卧倒。3.continue继续, keep保持, grow生长, appear出现, turn转变4. smell闻, sound听, feel感觉, taste尝, get 变得,简单句-双宾语结构,父亲给我买了一台新电脑。My father bought me a new computer.奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的是故事。Grandma tol
6、d me an interesting story.I send a bunch of flower to my girlfriend.He made a boat for himself.,带双宾语的11个及物动词,“七给”一“带” to 不少， “买” “画”“制作”for来了。 注：“七给”：give, pass, lend, write, show, send, hand; 一“带”：bring; “买” “画”“制作”: buy, draw, make,划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语（5分， 5分钟） Please tell us a story. My father bought a
7、 new bike for me last week. Mr Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen.Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me?,简单句-宾语+宾补,我们认为他是诚实的。We consider him honest.We consider he is honest.他们把门推开了。They pushed the door open.I found the dog dead .Exercise makes you healthy and strong .
8、Nobody heard him cry for help.,宾语补足语,宾语补足语（Object Complement），用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有：tell，let，help，teach， ask，see，have，order，make等。“宾补”一般可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：,1.His father named him Xiaoming.2.We consider him honest.4.You mustnt force him to lend his money to you
9、.5.We saw her entering the room.6.We found everything in the lab in good order.7.We will soon make our city what your city is now.,（名词）,（形容词）,（不定式短语）,（现在分词）,（介词短语）,（从句）,1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。e.g. He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and oft
10、en draws pictures for the wall newspapers.,我们可以给句子的动词加上副词修饰，给名词加上形容词、介词短语修饰，给句子加上状语进行修饰等，以使整个句子的意思变得更加的丰富和充实。但不管如何变，都只有一个主谓结构。He worked hard all his life. (划线部分在句中作状语，修饰动词worked)He is a school student in No. 1 Middle School. (划线部分在句中作定语，修饰名词student),2) 并列句：句型：简单句+并列连词+简单句并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。并列句中的各简
11、单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。e.g. You help him and he helps you.The future is bright; the road is tortuous.,并列句的分类,1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not onlybut also, neithernor, then等连接。e.g. The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John.2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, eitheror, otherwise等。 e.g. Hurry up,
12、or youll miss the train.,3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, yet, while等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for等。e.g. August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.,3）复合句：含有一个
13、或一个以上从句的句子。从句包括名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从 句、表语从句和同位语从句） 定语从句和状语从句等。句型主句+连词+从句；或连词+从句+主句e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.,复合句就是含有两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子。这种结构中，必定有一个主谓结构是句子的主句部分，而另一个主谓结构则是句子的次要部分，即从句部分。As is known to all, China is getting more and more powerful. (As 引导一个定语从
14、句)Where there is a will, there is a way. (Where引导一个表地点的状语从句),Exercises 判断句型,1.Having finished his homework, the boy went on to help his mother.2. What he says doesnt suit what he does.,(简单句划线部分在句中作状语，修饰整个句子),(复合句包含两个名词性从句：What he says 是一个主语从句；what he does 是一个宾语从句),3. We often study Chinese history o
15、n Friday afternoon.4. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.5. There is a chair in this room, isnt there?,简单句,复合句,简单句,6. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.7. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.8. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.,并列句,复合句,简单句,9. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.10. What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it?11. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.12. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.,并列句,复合句,
