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1、代词,代词,代词是为了避免重复而用来代替名词的词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用 主要用来代替名词 英语中代词分为:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等,人称代词,表示“我”“你”“他”“我们”“你们”“它们”的词叫人称代词,人称代词的用法,人称代词的主格在句子中作主语_ are playing football on the playground. (They, Them)人称代词的宾格在句中作动词,介词的宾语,还可作表语使用。We met _ in the street yesterday. _Who is it? Its _.,人称代词的语
2、序,当几个人称代词同时作主语时,其顺序一般是:单数 (2, 3, 1):you, he and I 复数 (1, 2, 3):we, you and theyHe and I are both college students.We and you will play football.,物主代词,表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词包括形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词,物主代词的用法,形容词性物主代词在句中作定语He put _ pen into _ pocket. (my, mine, his, he)名词性物主代词常用来表示前面已提及的名词,在句中作主语,表语,宾语。This book
3、 is _. _ is missing. Please lend me _.(her, hers, my, mine, your, yours)名词性物主代词常用在of 后作定语,相当于“of + 名词所有格”,表示带有部分概念或一定的感情色彩。A friend of _ came to see me yesterday. (my, mine)Please look at this pretty child of _! (he, his),反身代词,表示“我自己”,“你自己”,“我们自己”,“他们自己”等的代词叫反身代词,反身代词的用法,1反身代词可以在句中作同位语,起强调作用,置于名词,代词
4、的后面或句末,表示“自己”“亲自”的意思。She opened the door herself. 我亲自做了所有的工作。Youd better ask your father himself. 你最好问你父亲本人。,2反身代词还可作表语。I m not quite myself today. 我今天不太舒服。He said the naughty boy was himself. 他说那个调皮的孩子就是他自己。注:反身代词表示动作回到主语本身,所以它应与动作发出者保持人称的一致,3反身代词还可构成某些固定搭配。某些动词常和反身代词搭配:teach oneself 自学 learn by on
5、eself 自学enjoy oneself 过得愉快,玩得开心help oneself to 随便吃 come to oneself 苏醒hurt oneself 受伤还有一些介词与反身代词的搭配:by oneself 独自地,单独地 of oneself 自动地for oneself 替自己,为自己 in oneself 本身,本质上between ourselves 私下的说的话among one selves 。之间 to oneself 供自己用,练习,I did the work all _. 工作完全是我自己完成的。This is not a bad idea _.这个主意本身并不
6、错。All this is _. 这些都不能告诉别人。I do hope to have a room _. 我真希望有一个自己的房间。,相互代词,表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词。相互代词有each other, one another. 相互代词无人称,数和格的区别,在句中作宾语。其所有格分别为each others, one anothers, 作定语。 一般来说,each other 指两者之间,one another 指三或三者以上之间,现在区分已不明显。We must help _ .The three men distrusted _.,指示代词,指示代词主要是用来指示或标识人或事物
7、的代词,指示代词的用法,(1)this/these 近指或者指下文要提到的事,有启下的作用(2)that/those 远指或者指前面刚刚提过的事,有承上的作用。(3)打电话时用this 介绍自己,用that 询问对方。,练习,I want to tell you _: the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon. (this, that)He hurt his leg yesterday. _is why he didnt come.(this, that)_is Mike speaking. (this, that)Who is
8、_ ?(this, that),另外2个指示代词:such, same 分别表示“这样的”人或事, “同样的”人或事(1)such 一般在句中作定语和主语。Such was the story.We have never seen such a tall building. (2) same,在使用时前面一定要加定冠词“the”They got the same result. The same can be said of the other article.,不定代词,不明确指代某个特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。 不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质,并有可数和不可数之分。,常见普通不定代词,不定
9、代词的主要用法和区别,一)some 和 any 的用法1)一般用法some, any 可与单、复数可数名词及不可数名词连用。Some一般用于肯定句,any多用于疑问、否定或条件句。,2)特殊用法2.1 any用于肯定句表示“任何”的意思Any child can do that. 2.2 some 用于单数可数名词前表示“某一”Smith went to some place in England. 2.3 在疑问句中,当表达说话人期望得到肯定回答或表达请求,建议时应用someWould you like some bananas? Mum, could you give me some mo
10、ney? 2.4 用于否定句表示部分否定。I dont know some of the students.,(二)many 和 much 的用法many和 muchmany修饰可数名词复数,还可以表示程度的副词so, too, as, how 连用。much修饰不可数名词,也可与表示程度的副词so, too, as, how 连用。如:How many bottles of water do you need?He has too much homework to do._ of the students work hard at the lessons.There is not _ wat
11、er here.,(三) little, a little, few, a few的用法little, few表示“很少,很少几个”,含否定意义。a little, a few表示“有些,有几个”,含肯定意义。little, a little 修饰或代替不可数名词。few, a few 修饰或代替可数名词。Little has been done to prevent the air from being polluted. There are a few English magazines in the reading-room. We know _ about that country.
12、_ of them know German.,(四)no 和 none的用法no=not any, 表示“没有”,用来修饰可数名词或不可数名词,常做定语。None代替不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;代替可数名词作主语时,谓语动词可用单数也可用复数形式。none还可以在句中作宾语。I have no sisters. None of the girls in our class like/likes football. 注:none既可以指人又可以指物,no one 只能指人。_ likes to make friends with her. There is _ bread on th
13、e plate. - Is there any ink? - No, there is _. 。,(五)each 和 every 的用法each (各个),指两个或两个以上的人或物,侧重个体;every (每个),指三个或三个以上的人或物,侧重整体,在句中只能作定语。Every student in our class has a Chinese dictionary. (定语,强调班上“所有的人”)Each student has a Chinese dictionary. _ of them has been there. _ student in Class 5 passed the e
14、xam. We _ got a ticket.,(六)either 和 neither 的用法either是“两者中任一”的意思,可修饰或代替单数可数名词,neither是“两者中没有一个”的意思,可修饰或代替单数可数名词。常构成固定搭配either/neither of + 名词(代词)的复数+谓语动词(第三人称单数)。当eitheror和neithernor,连接两个主语时,谓语动词应与离它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。Here are two pens. You may take either of them. Neither of them knows it. -Which do y
15、ou prefer, tea or coffee? -_ will do. 。_ of books is good. Neither he nor you are a student. _ you _ he is a student.,(七)other, the other, others, the others, another other”另外的”:只做定语,常与复数名词或不可数名词连用;但如果前有the, this, that, some, any, each, every, no, one, my, your, his等,则可与单数名词连用.the other”两者中的另一个”,常与one连用,构成”one.the other.”;做定语修饰复数名词时,表示”其余的全部”,others“泛着别的人或物”,是other的复数形式,泛指别的人或物(不是全部),不能做定语,可以构成some.others.结构the others”特指其余的人或物”,是the other的复数形式,特指其余的人或物another”任何一个,另一个”,指三者或三者以上中的任何一个,用作形容词或代词,