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1、Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)英译中（选自 2014 年 11 月纽约时报）Old people in Widou Thiengoly say they can remember when there were so many trees that youcouldnt see the sky.Now, miles of reddish-brown sand surround this village in northwesternSenegal, dotted with occasional bushes and tree
2、s. Dried animal dung is scattered everywhere,but hardly any dried grass is.Overgrazing and climate change are the major causes of the Saharas advance, said GillesBoetsch, an anthropologist who directs a team of French scientists working with Senegaleseresearchers in the region.“The local Peul people
3、 are herders, often nomadic. But the pressure ofthe herds on the land has become too great,” Mr. Boetsch said in an interview. “The vegetationcant regenerate itself.”Since 2008, however, Senegal has been fighting back against the encroaching desert. Each yearit has planted some two million seedling
4、trees along a 545-kilometer, or 340-mile, ribbon of landthat is the countrys segment of a major pan-African regeneration project, the Great GreenWall.First proposed in 2005, the program links Senegal and 10 other Saharan states in an allianceto plant a 15 kilometer-wide, 7,100-kilometer-long green b
5、elt to fend off the desert.While manycountries have still to start on their sections of the barrier, Senegal has taken the lead, with thecreation of a National Agency for the Great Green Wall.“This semi-arid region is becoming less and less habitable. We want to make it possible forpeople tocontinue
6、 to live here,” Col. Pap Sarr, the agencys technical director, said in aninterview here. Colonel Sarr has forged working alliances between Senegalese researchers andthe French team headed by Mr. Boetsch, in fields as varied as soil microbiology, ecology,medicine and anthropology.“In Senegal we hope
7、to experiment with different ways of doingthings that will benefit the other countries as they become more active,” the colonel said.Eachyear since 2008, from May to June, about 400 people are employed in eight nurseries, choosingand overseeing germination of seeds and tending the seedlings until th
8、ey are ready for planting.In August, 1,000 people are mobilized to plant out rows of seedlings, about 2 million plants,allowingthem a full two months of the rainy season to take root before the long, dry seasonsets in.After their first dry season, the saplings look dead, brown twigs sticking out of
9、holes in theground, but 80 percent survive. Six years on, trees planted in 2008 are up to three meters, or10 feet, tall.So far, 30,000 hectares, or about 75,000 acres, have been planted, including 4,000hectares this summer.There are already discernible impacts on the microclimate, said Jean-LucPeiry
10、, a physical geography professor at the Universit Blaise Pascal in Clermont-Ferrand,France, who has placed 30 sensors to record temperatures in some planted parcels.“Preliminary results show that clumps of four to eight small trees can have an important impacton temperature,” Professor Peiry said in
11、 an interview. “The transpiration of the trees creates amicroclimate that moderates daily temperature extremes.”“The trees also have an importantrole in slowing the soil erosion caused by the wind, reducing the dust, and acting like a largerough doormat, halting the sand-laden winds from the Sahara,
12、” he added.Wildlife is responding tothe changes. “Migratory birds are reappearing,” Mr. Boetsch said.The project uses eight groundwater pumping stations built in 1954, before Senegal achieved itsindependence from France in 1960. The pumps fill giant basins that provide water for animals,tree nurseri
13、es and gardens where fruit and vegetables are grown.Section2: Chinese-English Translation (50 points)中译英（选自中国的医疗卫生事业白皮书）健康是促进人的全面发展的必然要求。提高人民健康水平，实现病有所医的理想，是人类社会的共同追求。在中国这个有着 13 亿多人口的发展中大国，医疗卫生关系亿万人民健康，是一个重大民生问题。中国高度重视保护和增进人民健康。宪法规定，国家发展医疗卫生事业，发展现代医药和传统医药，保护人民健康。多年来，中国坚持“以农村为重点，预防为主，中西医并重，依靠科技与教育，动员全社会参与，为人民健康服务，为社会主义现代化建设服务”的卫生工作方针，努力发展具有中国特色的医疗卫生事业。经过不懈努力，覆盖城乡的医疗卫生服务体系基本形成，疾病防治能力不断增强，医疗保障覆盖人口逐步扩大，卫生科技水平日益提高，居民健康水平明显改善。随着中国工业化、城市化进程和人口老龄化趋势的加快，居民健康面临着传染病和慢性病的双重威胁，公众对医疗卫生服务的需求日益提高。与此同时，中国卫生资源特别是优质资源短缺、分布不均衡的矛盾依然存在，医疗卫生事业改革与发展的任务十分艰巨。(来源：CATTI 考试资料与资讯 )
