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1、 绿色设计论文：机电产品生命周期评价建模研究及支持工具开发【中文摘要】机电产品生命周期评价技术(Life Cycle Assessment,LCA)是绿色制造前沿技术之一,同时也是实施绿色设计和制造的关键和共性基础技术。目前,国内对 LCA 技术的需求日益强烈,但与欧美日发达国家相比,LCA 技术和软件工具还相当落后,而国外 LCA 软件工具尚无法适应我国国情和制造业水平,尤其缺乏反映我国国情和制造业现状、系统、准确的 LCA 底层数据库、知识库和方法库支持,严重影响了我国 LCA 研究和企业应用的开展。在此背景下,本文对机电产品 LCA 方法及其支持工具进行了重点研究,可以为中国LCA 发展
2、提供必要的方法和数据支持,为企业 LCA 的应用提供数据积累和案例参考。本文在分析国内外绿色设计、LCA 技术及软件工具研究现状的基础上,重点对以下几个方面进行了研究。(1)在有关LCA 定义及技术框架研究的基础上,针对当前 LCA 研究的局限性,结合机电产品的特点,建立了 LCA 中机电产品系统模型,详细分析了机电产品系统的信息组成。然后基于此系统模型,在整个产品生命周期内定义了产品的环境属性。按照环境影响因素,对其生命周期的不同阶段进行了研究,建立了环境因素识别表,按照此识别表从低污染、低毒等方面研究识别环境因素和显著环境因素。最后基于生命周期评价方法学框架的研究,针对机电产品提出了具体的
3、生命周期评价过程和方法。(2)在当前国内外 LCA 数据库现状研究的基础上,研究了 面向机电产品的符合中国国情的生命周期评价数据库,提出了基于过程的清单分析方法,建立了基于过程的 LCA 数据库三层结构模型,并根据 LCA 数据库三层结构模型对 LCA 数据库进行了概念结构设计、对象属性分析和逻辑结构设计。(3)结合上述基于机电产品的 LCA 方法和 LCA 数据库三层结构模型,研究了 MLCA 系统的和功能,选取Visual Studio.NET 集成开发环境为开发平台,B/S 模式为系统开发模式,设计了系统的总体框架。针对此框架,利用 C#及 SQL Server技术,对系统进行了接口定义
4、、数据库关联、接口实现等详细设计。最后实现了系统的直观显示,即对系统操作界面的设计。(4)基于机电产品系统模型及相关环境因素的识别,利用所开发的 MLCA 系统,对 Y80M1-4-0.55 型电机进行了生命周期评价。【英文摘要】Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) for electromechanical product is one of the advanced technologies in the green manufacturing field. It is also the key and general technology of green design
5、 and manufacturing. Nowadays, the demand of LCA technology is becoming stronger and stronger in China. However, compared with developed countries such as America, Japan and some European countries, there is still a considerable gap in the development of LCA technology and related softwares field. LC
6、A softwares abroad cant adapt to the national conditions and Chinese manufacturing industry levels. The lack of systemic and accurate underlying LCA database, knowledge base and method base that is consistent with Chinas conditions has severely hindered LCA reasearch and application. Under this back
7、groud, LCA methods for electromechanical product and supportive tools have been mainly researched in this paper. It can provide necessary methods and data for the LCA development of China, and it can also provide data accumulation and case reference for LCA application.This paper mainly focuses on t
8、he following aspects based on the analysis of the research status at home and abroad on green design, LCA technologies and related softwares.(a) The definition and technical frame of LCA is illuminated. And the limits of current LCA research are pointed out. Then, the electromechanical product syste
9、m model is built and its information is analysed combining with the characters of electromechanical products. On the basis of this model, environment properties of products in the whole life cycle are analysed. According to the environment impact factors, different stages of the whole life cycle are
10、 analysed and the environment factors identification table is built. Referring to this table, environment factors and obvious factors are identified. Finally, following the general steps of LCA methodology frame, specific LCA process and method on the electromechanical product is proposed.(b) Resear
11、ch status on LCA database at home and abroad is analyzed. And then, combining with the LCA methodology frame of products, the LCA database for electromechanical products that suits to Chinese conditions are studied, and a three-layer structure model of LCA database based on process is established. T
12、he conception structure design, analysis of object properties and logical structure design are carried out in accordance with the laws of database design.(c) Combining with the LCA method for the electromechanical products and the three-layer structure model of LCA database studied above. Visual Stu
13、dio.NET (the integrated development environment) is selected as the development platform and B/S design-pattern as the development pattern. Then, the definition and function of MLCA system is analysed and the whole framework is designed following the LCA application steps that ISO 14040 defines. In
14、this framework, the detailed design such as the definition of interfaces, the association with database and the implementation of interfaces is carried out using the technologies of C# and SQL Server. The operation interface of this system is finally designed on the basis of the general interface de
15、sign rules.(d) Following the general steps of LCA, the life cycle assessment of Y80M 1-4-0.55 type motor is conducted using the MLCA system tools.【关键词】绿色设计 生命周期评价 产品系统模型 数据库模型【英文关键词】Green design Life cycle assessment Product system model Database model【目录】机电产品生命周期评价建模研究及支持工具开发 摘要 9-11 ABSTRACT 11-12 第 1 章 绪论 13-25 1.1 研究背景 13-15 1.1.1 环境问题 13-14 1.1.2 机电产品面临的绿色壁垒 14 1.1.3 绿色
