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1、一:学生易错词汇 1. a, an 的选择: 元音字母开头的单词用 an,辅音字母开头的单词用 a. 2. am , is , are 的选择: 单数用 is , 复数用 are. I 用 am , you 用 are. 3. have , has 的选择: 表示某人有某物 .单数用 has , 复数用 have. I ,you 用 have . 4. there is, there are 的选择 :表示某地有某物, 某人.单数用 there is , 复数用 there are. 5. some, any 的选择:肯定句用 some, 疑问句和否定句用 any. 6. 疑问词的选择:wha
2、t (什么 ) who (谁) where (哪里) whose (谁的) why(为什么)when(什么时候)which(哪一个)how old (多大) how many (多少)how much(多少钱) 二:形容词比较级详解 当我们需要对事物作出比较时,需要用到比较级. 比较级的句子结构通常是 : 什么 + 动词 be (am , is , are ) + 形容词比较级 + than(比)+ 什么 ,如: Im taller and heavier than you. (我比你更高和更重.) An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象比一只老虎更
3、大.) 形容词的比较级是在形容词的基础上变化而来的,它的变化规则是: 一般的直接在词尾加 er ,如 tall - taller , strong - stronger , 以 e 结尾的,直接加 r ,如 fine finer , 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的,先改 y 为 i 再加 er,如 funny - funnier 双写最后的字母再加 er,如 big bigger, thin thinner ,hot hotter 注意 比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西. 典型错误:My hair is longer than you.(我的头发比你更长.) 比较的两者是我的头发,你(整个人)
4、,那么比较的对象就没有可比性. 应该改为:My hair is longer than yours. 或 My hair is longer than your hair. 比较级专项练习: 一,从方框中选出合适的单词完成句子 heavy tall long big (1) How is the Yellow River (2) How is Mr Green Hes 175cm. (3) How are your feet I wear size 18. (4)How is the fish Its 2kg. 三:动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则有: A,规则动词 一般直接在动词的后面
5、加 ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited 以 e 结尾的动词直接加 d:如 lived , danced , used 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词要改 y 为 i 再加 ed(此类动词较少 )如 study studied carry carried worry worried (注意 play,stay 不是辅音字母加 y,所以不属于此类) 双写最后一个字母( 此类动词较少)如 stopped B,不规则动词 (此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing sang , eat ate , see saw , have
6、 had , do did , go - went , take - took , buy - bought , get - got , read - read ,fly - flew , am/is - was , are - were , say - said , leave - left , swim - swam , tell - told , draw - drew , come - came , lose - lost , find - found , drink - drank , hurt - hurt , feel - felt 四:动词现在分词详解 动词的 ing 形式的构
7、成规则: 一般的直接在后面加上 ing , 如 doing , going , working , singing , eating 以 e 结尾的动词,要先去 e 再加 ing ,如 having , writing 双写最后一个字母的( 此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting 五:人称代词与物主代词一、人称代词人称 单数 复数主格 宾格 主格 宾格第一人称 I me we us第二人称 you you you you第三人称 he him they themshe her it it 二、物主代词数人称类别 单数 复数第一人称 第二人
8、称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称形容词性物主代词 my your his her its our your their名词性物主代词 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs汉语 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他（她、它）们的六:句型专项归类 1.肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如:Im a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital. There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00.
9、I watched TV yesterday evening. 2,否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如:Im not a student. She is not (isnt) a doctor. He does not (doesnt) work in a hospital. There are not (arent) four fans in our classroom. He will not (wont) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didnt) watch TV yesterday evening. 注意 小结: 否定句主要是在肯定句的基础上
10、加上了否定词 not.有动词 be 的句子则not加在 be 后面 ,可缩写成isnt,arent,但 am not 一般都分开写 .没有动词 be 的句子则要先在主要动词的前面加上一个助动词(do,does,did),然后在它后面加上 not,你也可以把它们缩写在一起如dont , doesnt , didnt ).这三个助动词要根据人称和时态来选择,其中does只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而did只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用did . 3,一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子 ,此类句子必须用yes,或no来回答. 如:Are you a student Yes,
11、 I am / No, Im not. Is she a doctor Yes, she is. / No, she isnt. Does he work in a hospital Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt. Are there four fans in our classroom Yes, there are. / No, there arent. Are you going to buy a comic book tonight Yes, I am. / No, I am not. (Yes, we are. / No, we arent.) Will
12、he eat lunch at 12:00 Yes, I will. / No, I will not(wont). Are they swimming Yes, they are. / No, they arent. Did you watch TV yesterday evening Yes, I did. / No, I didnt. 注意 小结:一般疑问句是在肯定句的基础上 , 把动词 be 调到首位 ,其他照写, 末尾标点符号变成问号即可. 没有动词 be 的句子则要在句首加上一个助动词 (do,does,did)再把紧跟在后面的动词变回原形,末尾标点符号变成问号即可 . 这三个助动
13、词也要根据人称和时态来选择,其中does 只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而did只用于一般过去时, 不论主语是什么人称和数,都用did .一般疑问句有个重要的原则就是问和答要一致,即问句里的第一个单词(助动词)和简略答句里的这个词是一致的. 4,特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how 等) 开头引导的句子.此类句子应该问什么就答什么 ,不能用yes ,no来回答.如: What is this Its a computer. What does he do Hes a doctor. Wh
14、ere are you going Im going to Beijing. Who played football with you yesterday afternoon Mike. Which season do you like best Summer. When do you usually get up I usually get up at 6:30. Whose skirt is this Its Amys. Why do you like spring best Because I can plant trees. How are you Im fine. / Im happ
15、y. How did you go to Xinjiang I went to Xinjiang by train. 其中 how 又可以和其他一些形容词连用组成特殊疑问词组用来提问,如: how many(多少(数量), how much(多少(钱), how tall(多高), how long(多长), how big(多大), how heavy(多重) 例句:How many pencils do you have I have three pencils. How many girls can you see I can see four girls. How many desks
16、 are there in your classroom There are 51. 小结:how many 用来提问可数名词的数量, 主要有以上三种句式搭配, How many + 名词复数 + do you have 你有多少 How many + 名词复数 + can you see 你能看见多少 How many + 名词复数 + are there 有多少 七:完全,缩略形式: Im=I am hes=he is shes=she is theyre=they are youre=you are theres=there is theyre=they are cant=can not dont=do not doesnt=does not isnt=is not
